Dodecyl ethyl

C10H22S 1-DECANETHiOL -204.389 8.4798E-01 1.4421 E-04 61.42 608 C14H30S DODECYL-ETHYL- -281.237 1.2195E+00 1.8745E-04 99.24... 

C14H30S DODECYL-ETHYL-SULFIDE 5.797E-04 762.23 -0.7143 276.16 724.12 8.262E-04 0.843... 

Aliphatic carboxylic esters have been reduced to produce simple primary alcohols (84-92%) via Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed reaction with Bu MgBr. Additionally, hydrosilylation of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic esters using Ph2SiH2, (EtO)2Si(Me)H, (EtO)3SiH or MeSiO[Si(Me)H—0]nSiMe3 has been used to produce simple primary alcohols (50-100%). In contrast, the photolytic reactions of esters with HSiCb produces ethers. For example, l-dodecyl acetate was converted into l-dodecyl ethyl ether in this way. Competitive deoxygenation complicates ether formation particularly with secondary and tertiary alkyl esters. All these exotic methods have little synthetic merit. 

Successful results have been obtained (Renfrew and Chaney, 1946) with ethyl formate methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec.-butyl and iso-amyl acetat ethyleneglycol diacetate ethyl monochloro- and trichloro-acetates methyl, n-propyl, n-octyl and n-dodecyl propionates ethyl butyrate n-butyl and n-amyl valerates ethyl laurate ethyl lactate ethyl acetoacetate diethyl carbonate dimethyl and diethyl oxalates diethyl malonate diethyl adipate di-n-butyl tartrate ethyl phenylacetate methyl and ethyl benzoates methyl and ethyl salicylates diethyl and di-n-butyl phthalates. The method fails for vinyl acetate, ieri.-butyl acetate, n-octadecyl propionate, ethyl and >i-butyl stearate, phenyl, benzyl- and guaicol-acetate, methyl and ethyl cinnamate, diethyl sulphate and ethyl p-aminobenzoate. 

Various 4-, 5-, or 4,5-disubstituted 2-aryIamino thiazoles (124), R, = QH4R with R = 0-, m-, or p-Me, HO C, Cl, Br, H N, NHAc, NR2, OH, OR, or OjN, were obtained by condensing the corresponding N-arylthiourea with chloroacetone (81, 86, 423), dichloroacetone (510, 618), phenacyichloride or its p-substituted methyl, f-butyl, n-dodecyl or undecyl (653), or 2-chlorocyclohexanone (653) (Method A) or with 2-butanone (423), acetophenone or its p-substituted derivatives (399, 439), ethyl acetate (400), ethyl acetyl propionate (621), a- or 3-unsaturated ketones (691), benzylidene acetone, furfurylidene acetone, and mesityl oxide in the presence of Btj or Ij as condensing agent (Method B) (Table 11-17). 

Strauss and Williamst have studied coil dimensions of derivatives of poly(4-vinylpyridine) by light-scattering and viscosity measurements. The derivatives studied were poly(pyridinium) ions quaternized y% with n-dodecyl groups and (1 - y)% with ethyl groups. Experimental coil dimensions extrapolated to 0 conditions and expressed relative to the length of a freely rotating repeat unit are presented here for the molecules in two different environments ... 

Several N-substituted pyrroHdinones eg, ethyl, hydroxyethyl and cyclohexyl, are used primarily in specialized solvent appHcations where their particular physical properties are advantageous. For example, mixtures of l-cyclohexyl-2-pyrroHdinone and water exhibit two phases at temperatures above 50°C below that temperature they are miscible in aH proportions. This phenomenon can be used to facHitate some extractive separations. Mixtures of 1-alkyl-pyrroHdinones that are derived from coconut and taHow amines can be used at lower cost in certain appHcations where they may be used instead of the pure l-dodecyl-2-pyrroHdinone and l-octadecyl-2-pyrroHdinone. 

The harmol derivatives (type C), in which R ranged from ethyl to w-dodecyl, proved active in vitro, and reached a peak of activity at 0-n-nonylharmol, and in a second series in which R was modified by the inclusion of a dialkylamino-residue, activity was further increased and reached a maximum at 0-A-di-n-butylaminoundecylharmol (tvpe C R = (C4H9),N(CH,)ii-). 

Cordes et al995 carried out alkaline hydrolyses of p-nitrophenylhexanoate 55 (PNPH) in the presence of poly-4-vinylpyridine partially quaternized with dodecyl-bromide and ethylbromide (QPVP). They also found that the polyelectrolytes are increasingly effective as catalysts with an increasing ratio of dodecyl to ethyl groups, and the hydrophobic interactions are important in determining the catalytic efficiency. They observed the inhibitory effects of several gegen-anions fluoride ions are the weakest inhibitor, and nitrate is the strongest (F- < Cl < S04 [Pg.159]

A manual titrimetric method using methyl orange as indicator and sodium tetraphenylboron as titrant has been described [273]. Dodecyl sulfate at concentrations of approximately 10"5 M have been analyzed by a visual two-phase titration in the presence of dichloroethane and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester [274]. 

The ability to disperse the calcium soap formed from a given amount of sodium oleate has been studied for a number of a-sulfo fatty acid esters with 14-22 carbon atoms [28,30]. In principle, the lime soap dispersion property increases with the number of C atoms and the dissymmetry of the molecule. Esters with 14 C atoms have no dispersion power and in the case of esters with 15-17 carbon atoms the least symmetrical are the better lime soap-dispersing agents. However this property does not only depend on the symmetry but on the chain length of the fatty acid group. For example, methyl and ethyl a-sulfomyristate have better dispersing power than dodecyl propionate and butyrate. The esters with 18 and more carbon atoms are about equal in lime soap dispersion power. Isobutyl a-sulfopalmitate is the most effective agent under the test conditions. 

Ca methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, phenyl, n-octadecyl [29]... 

In the past, dissociation of the nucleoprotein complex has been brought about by salt solutions or by heat denaturation,129 but, more recently, decomposition has been effected by hydrolysis with trypsin,126 or by the use of dodecyl sodium sulfate130 or strontium nitrate.131 Some virus nucleoproteins are decomposed by ethyl alcohol.132 This effect may be similar to that of alcohol on the ribonucleoproteins of mammalian tissues. If minced liver is denatured with alcohol, and the dried tissue powder is extracted with 10% sodium chloride, the ribonucleoproteins are decomposed to give a soluble sodium ribonucleate while the deoxyribonucleoproteins are unaffected.133 On the other hand, extraction with 10 % sodium chloride is not satisfactory unless the proteins have first been denatured with alcohol. Denaturation also serves to inactivate enzymes of the tissues which might otherwise bring about degradation of the nucleic acid during extraction. 

CaM was purified from porcine brain. The purity of proteins was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. CaM and PDE were cross-linked with l-ethyl-3(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide (EDC) or N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) in a buffer solution of 0.1 M HEPES (pH 7.1) in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2. After a buffer solution containing 2 mM EGTA added into the reaction solution, the CaM-PDE hybrid was separated from other ingredients by gel chromatography on a Sepharose CL-6B solumn. 

Early studies of the affinity of acid dyes for wool revealed noteworthy correlations with dye structure. For example, in four pairs of monoazo dyes differing only by replacement of a benzene by a naphthalene nucleus, the affinity increase in each pair was consistently within the range -4-6 to -6.3 kj/mol. In three related pairs of dyes, an additional sulpho group reduced the affinity by about -4 kj/mol. In a series of alkylsulphuric acids (ethyl, octyl, dodecyl) and in two series of monoazo dyes containing alkyl chains of increasing length, the increment per methylene group was consistently about -1.66 kj/mol. A close correlation between affinity and Mr was also obtained for a series of substituted phenylazo-l-naphthol-4- sulphonic acid dyes [115]. 

There is a recent trend towards simultaneous CE separations of several classes of food additives. This has so far been applied to soft drinks and preserved fruits, but could also be used for other food products. An MEKC method was published (Lin et al., 2000) for simultaneous separation of intense sweeteners (dulcin, aspartame, saccharin and acesulfame K) and some preservatives (sorbic and benzoic acids, sodium dehydroacetate, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and isopropyl- p-hydroxybenzoates) in preserved fruits. Ion pair extraction and SPE cleanup were used prior to CE analysis. The average recovery of these various additives was 90% with good within-laboratory reproducibility of results. Another procedure was described by Frazier et al. (2000b) for separation of intense sweeteners, preservatives and colours as well as caffeine and caramel in soft drinks. Using the MEKC mode, separation was obtained in 15 min. The aqueous phase was 20 mM carbonate buffer at pH 9.5 and the micellar phase was 62 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate. A diode array detector was used for quantification in the range 190-600 nm, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/1 per analyte were reported. The authors observed that their procedure requires further validation for quantitative analysis. 

DEAE is the abbreviation for DiEthyl Amino Ethyl, the binding group of a substitution on cellulose. SDS/PAGE is a technique for naming the material used for electophoresis in which SDS represents sodium dodecyl sulfate solution that is used with PolyAcrylimide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). 

HA and three different HA esters, supplied by Fidia Advanced Biomaterials SpA (Padua, Italy), were examined. HA esters were prepared by treating a quaternary ammonium salt of HA with an esterifying agent in a suitable aprotic solvent at a controlled temperature as described in detail elsewhere [2]. In this study we analyzed the following esters ethyl ester (HYAFF7), benzyl ester (HYAFFl 1), and dodecyl ester (HYAFF73 Figure 1). The materials used were both films and powders. Films were obtained by a phase inversion process from DMSO solutions as previously described [2,4]. 

Figure 1 Structural formula of HA and the ethyl (Hyaff7), docecyl (Hyaff73) and benzyl (Hyaffl 1) esters. The esterification reaction was carried out starting from a quaternary ammonium salt of HA and the ethyl, dodecyl and benzyl alcohols, respectively, in a suitable aprotic solvent.

The amounts of water absorbed as function of relative water vapor pressure (relative humidity) for HA and its esters are reported in Tables 1-4. HA absorbed the highest amount of water at all humidity levels compared to its esters. The ethyl ester (Hyaff ) absorbs more water than the other two, and the dodecyl ester (Hyaff73) absorbs more water than the benzyl ester (Hyaffll). A small percentage of water absorption hysteresis, between sorption and desorption, was found for the four different materials analyzed. No significant differences in the percentage of hysteresis was found among the HA and the three esters. 

Octyltetrahydroselenophene was prepared using l-(benzylseleno)-4-dodecyl (phenyl-teUuro)formate A (n = 3) in benzene (0.46 M) with heating at 160°C for 2 days. Preparative TLC (hexane/ethyl acetate, 98 2) afforded the product C as a pale oil (87%). 

Since the early delipidation procedure was applied initially to the whole serum (815) and later to the isolated serum lipoproteins (818), many other methods of delipidation have been reported [see reference (816) for review], employing mixtures of organic solvents (ethanol-ethyl ether chloroform-methanol, acetone, etc.) or detergents (sodium dodecyl or decyl sulfate, Triton X-100, Nonidet, etc.). Techniques for delipidation have not been standardized, nor is there a comprehensive comparative assessment of the various proposed methods presently avail-... 

---