Document Type Definition

There are many ways to write schemas for XML documents, but only a few are commonly used. XML designers usually select from this triumvirate of schema languages Document Type Definition (DTD), W3C XML Schema, and RelaxNG. Sometimes they augment their validation with Schematron rules. 

As defined in Subsect. 2.1.2, a document is an aggregation of data and acts as a carrier of product data in a certain work context. One possibility to represent models of document contents is the use of the extensible Markup Language (XML) [1060] and its Document Type Definitions (DTDs), as suggested by Bayer and Marquardt [19]. Within a DTD, the structure of a specific document type can be described. Figure 2.9 shows the (incomplete) DTD of a specification sheet for vessels. Here, the different data items like temperature or construction material are indicated to specify the piece of equipment. However, the expressiveness of such document type definitions is rather restricted. A DTD specifies only the syntax of the document content but not its semantics. One possibility to enrich the DTD with meaning is to relate the single DTD elements to the classes and attributes of a product data model. This is exemplarily shown Fig. 2.9, where relations between some DTD elements and the corresponding classes of the product data model CLiP (cf. Subsect. 2.2.3) are indicated. 

DTD Document type definition. A file associated with an SGML or XML document, giving a formalized description of the tags used and the structure of the document, as well as special entities that may be present. 

General terms describing the composition of a system as defined in ref. [3] are used without further definition throughout the document. Implicit definitions are identified in boldface type throughout the document. 

The descriptive area (left) contains basic concepts for describing the content or role of documents and products on a high semantic level. This includes content descriptions, sources, and categorizations which are grouped into categorization schemes. Type definitions are also placed here that characterize, e.g., a large number of products that have been created from the same template. 

On the class level, we are dealing on the tool side with process model definitions and process templates to define structural and behavioral knowledge about processes. This information is located at the class or type level, e.g. task types, document types etc. and their relationships for a specific context can be defined. 

The actual path that various documents must follow in the organization may or may not be fixed in a paperless operation, but it must be decided whether workflow automation is within the scope and, if so, how it should be implemented. Again, it is different from the paper-based world in that such definitions will not just be for specific persons or specific documents but on the roles of the persons and on the categories of documents. Possible workflow paths for the various document types and document phases will also need to be decided. Paperless operation may be achieved without tying electronic documents and their management to a workflow. When doing this, it is important to retain flexibility. 

HCF procedure development maintains consistency by follow/ing the TA-V Nuclear Facilities Conduct of Operations Manual (SNL 1998a) and the SNL ES H Manual (SNL 1998b). These documents describe procedure format and content, including Purpose, Scope, Ownership, Responsibilities, Definitions and Acronyms, Hazard Identification, Equipment and Materials, Format, Review and Approval Authority, and Document Control. Use of this format complies with DOE Order 5480.19, Conduct of Operations, Chapter 16 (DOE 1990). TA-V Standard Operating Procedures are written for tasks specifically identified in the Technical Safely Requirements (TSR) or as required by other directives or the SNL ES H manual to address special hazards. TA-V document types and hierarchy is described in TA-V Nuclear Facilities Conduct of Operations Manual (SNL 1998a) Chapter 16. 

An organization may respond to these requirements in several ways, so in managing the quality system a list of the documents is needed which contains the definition of people s responsibilities and authority. The difficulty arises in keeping all such documents compatible and so it is often better to limit the documents to the three types above, if possible. 

In contrast to many other validation protocols, the description of the NMKL validation process starts with the protocol of planned validation. This protocol should include, e.g., the needs of the client, available equipment, the chemical form in which the analyte occurs (i.e., in pesticide analysis the residue definition), matrix types, the availability of reference materials and the working range. Consequently, an extra paragraph is dedicated to the requirements for the documentation of validation results, which refers to the rules in Section 5.4.4 of EN 45001 (amended by ISO 17025). 

The term allelopathy, when first proposed by Molisch (1 ), referred to either the beneficial or detrimental interaction between all types of plants and microorganisms. As presently used, this definition is generally accepted. Since 1970 a concerted effort has been made to understand the phenomenon of allelopathic interaction. The many interpretations resulting from these studies are well documented in the literature (2-4). An area currently receiving considerable attention is the allelopathic effect resulting from weed-crop and weed-weed interactions (2, 5-7). One study conducted by Wilson and Rice (7) showed that the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., possessed allelopathic properties. Realizing the inherent potential... 

As the process flow-sheet is the definitive document on the process, the presentation must be clear, comprehensive, accurate and complete. The various types of flow-sheet are discussed below. 

To diagnose the surface blemish problem several analytical techniques were employed. First, the samples were photo-documented. Since an aesthetic problem is by definition a problem with the visual appearance of an item, it is important to ascertain if all the defects are different or of the same nature. With close inspection, the sun visor arms were found to contain two distinct types of defects. Figure 1(a) shows what was called the Type A defect and Figure 1(b) shows the so-called Type B defect. These images were acquired using a stereomicroscope coupled with a digital camera. 

A good document takes one issue at a time, and each type will be involved in more than one issue. For this reason, 00 analysis and design tools usually support the idea that each type or action may make an appearance in more than one drawing. This means that anyone wanting a full understanding of a type must search out all its appearances or, better still, get the tool to show the type s definition in full. 

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