Distributed sensor networks

R. R. Brooks, C. Griffin, and D. S. Friedlander, Self-organized distributed sensor network entity tracking , International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 207-219, August 2002. 

S. S. Dhillon and K. Chakrabarty, Sensor placement for effective coverage and surveillance in distributed sensor networks, in Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, New Orleans, USA, March 2003, pp. 1609-1614. 

The chip is a standalone microsensor system that does not need any external measurement equipment for sensor control and readout. The sensor system chip has been connected to a computer via an f C-to-USB converter box, i.e., in this box is a microcontroller that translates the I C format coming from the chip into USB format for the computer or laptop. The power supply of the chip is also provided by the USB connection. The sensor system can be read out directly by a microcontroller and is, therefore, well suited for handheld devices or distributed sensor networks. 

Three-dimensional batteries offer a different approach to the portable power field. In this paper we have presented 3-D designs that emphasize power sources with small areal footprints but do not compromise power and energy density. While this approach may not help solve the power needs for cell phones and laptop computers, it will have a significant impact on current and future generations of microdevices. In particular, distributed sensor networks and wireless communication systems are representative areas where 3-D batteries would be welcomed enthusiastically because the power supplies currently in use are many times the size of the device. 

DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE... 

Abstract Distributed sensor networks are a new wireless networking... 

Keywords Mobile ad-hoc networks Distributed sensor networks Secure routing Vulnerability Embedded systems Low-power design... 

The transition from desktop computing to embedded systems is associated with price, power and timing constrains. A special class embedded systems, termed distributed sensor networks (DSN), are characterized by extra requirements small size and sufficient battery lifetime. Distributed sensor networks can be alternatively labeled mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). While the term DSN is associated with data acquisition applications, MANET emphasizes mobility and the lack of infrastructure. Distributed sensor networks can be scalable to thousands of nodes that cooperatively perform complex tasks. The interaction between the nodes is based on wireless communication [Kah 00, War 01, Hil 02], Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is yet another synonym. 

There are several, fairly common, security and defense applications based on distributed sensor networks. 

Availability emerges as a top-priority security requirement. A proper implementation has two parts a prompt deployment and a constant ability to sense the environment and forward traffic. In the traditional computer security, secrecy is associated with controlling who gets to read information. In the field of distributed sensor networks, the situation is different. The network itself may act as an intruder. In this case, the size of the nodes becomes an important design metric. Short range, multihop communication is also the prudent course of action. 

Every aspect of distributed sensor networks, from nodes location through computation and communication, must be viewed from the low-power perspective. 

Another axis along which distributed sensor networks can be classified relates to communication. There are two possibilities radio-frequency radiation and optical communication. 

Environment Sensors monitoring air and water quality will be able to provide early warning of pollution events arising at industrial plants, landfill sites, reservoirs, and water distribution systems at remote locations. The environmental nervous system concept likens the rapid access and response capabilities of widely distributed sensor networks to the human nervous system that is, it is able to detect and categorize events as they happen, and organize an appropriate response. 

Distributed Sensor Networks Research should be directed toward the development of (1) technology necessary to acquire simultaneous position and (2) sensor data from multiple sensors and sensor data fusion and processing algorithms necessary to permit detection and precise location of objects (especially large, deeply buried objects) with rejection of clutter. 

Satellite or airborne passive or active optical instruments Distributed Sensor Networks (Trends and Distributions) Large numbers of relatively inexpensive sensors linked by telecommunication (wireless, fiber optic) networks... 

Hosam, M.F. AboEIFotoh, S.S. Iyengar and Krishnendu Chakrabarty (2005). Computing reliability and message delay for cooperative wireless distributed sensor networks subject to random failures. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol.54, no.l, p 145 155. 

Hochbaum, D. S. and Fishbain, B. 2011. Nuclear threat detection with mobile distributed sensor networks. Annals of Operations Research, 187,45-63. 

Leone, R, SchiUer, E.M. Self-stabilizing TDMA algorithms for dynamic wireless ad-hoc networks. Int. J. Distributed Sensor Networks, 639761 (2013)... 

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