Dissolution of carbon dioxide

Neutralizing Amines. Neutralizing amines are used to neutralize the acid (H" ) generated by the dissolution of carbon dioxide or other acidic process contaminants in the condensate. These amines hydrolyze when added to water and generate the hydroxide ions required for neutralization ... 

The presentation finally descends on the very last of the listed chemical precipitation processes, and this pertains to precipitation implemented by carbonate anions (CO-). The dissolution of carbon dioxide takes place with the formation of the weak diabasic acid, H2C03. The overall dissociation of this acid (dissociation constant, KD) is represented by ... 

Both of these facts are employed in the carbonation process of sodas and beer and some sparkling wines. Low-temperature conditions and CO2 pressures of 3 to 4 atm are used to enhance the dissolution of carbon dioxide gas in water. The graph in Fig. 3.1.1 presents the solubility of carbon dioxide in water at various temperatures and pressures. The parameter used to express CO2 solubility is... 

Notice that four of these steps (s2 through s5) are chemical or electrochemical steps, while step Si denotes the physical dissolution of carbon dioxide as it moves from the gas phase into the electrolyte phase. 

On account of their chemical, biological and engineering significance, the slow processes involved in dissolution of carbon dioxide in water have been investigated repeatedly, from many points of view. References given here are doubtless an incomplete set, as are all the other compilations I have examined. Methods employed vary over acid-base titration , formation of dialkyl carbamates pH and other potentiometric methods , conductivity ... 

In this chapter, we present results of the testing of a broad spectrum of polymers in carbon dioxide over a range of temperatures and pressures and evaluation of the effect of the high pressure carbon dioxide on the chemical/physical properties of materials tested. The testing was performed in a static manner with four controlled variables, namely temperature, pressure, treatment time and decompression time. The evaluation of the interaction of high pressure carbon dioxide with polymers included sorption and swelling behavior, solubility issue, plasticization and crystallization, and mechanical properties. The results of these evaluations are discussed in three sections Sorption, Swelling and Dissolution of Carbon Dioxide in Polymers at Elevated Pressure, Thermal Properties, and Mechanical Properties. ... 

SORPTION, SWELLING AND DISSOLUTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN POLYMERS AT ELEVATED PRESSURE... 

Potential interactions of a supercritical fluid with a polymeric material may include the following (i) sorption of carbon dioxide by polymers (ii) swelling of polymers by carbon dioxide (Hi) dissolution of polymers in carbon dioxide (iv) dissolution of carbon dioxide in polymers (v) plasticization and decrease of the glass transition... 

In Box 3.4 we saw the way reactions affect the solubility of gases. It is possible for some gases to undergo more complex hydration reactions in water, which influence its pH (see Box 3.5). The best known of these is the dissolution of carbon dioxide (C02), which gives natural rainwater its characteristic pH. 

At higher pH the titrimetric results can be slightly biased by the dissolution of carbon dioxide into the reaction mixture, leading to a higher apparent (gross) degree of conversion. 

Dissolution of carbon dioxide from the soil air into the soil solution affects the pH of the soil solution and the solubility of soil carbonates. Carbon dioxide dissolves... 

Describe the chemical processes involving the dissolution of carbon dioxide in seawater. 

NEUTRALIZING AMINES - Are amines used to neutralize the acid generated by the dissolution of carbon dioxide. 

Requirements of special performance of plasticizers used in the injection molding process are seldom. In optical disk molding, the material requites mote plasticization during processing than ditring the product use. For this reason carbon dioxide was used as an additional plasticizer. Primary plasticizers were selected in such a manner that they will facilitate dissolution of carbon dioxide in melt. Figitre 14.17 shows that the more carbon dioxide dissolves, the lower is the glass transition tern-process, melt viscosity is decreased and... 

Acid rain is defined as any atmospheric precipitation that is more acidic than usual. The increase in acidity might be from natural or industrial sources. Rain acidity varies throughout the world and across the United States. The pH of rain is generally lower in the eastern United States and higher in the West. Unpolluted rain has a pH of 5.6, and so is slightly acidic. This acidity results from the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the water producing carbonic acid ... 

It should be noted that in a recent study on copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide in 1,3 dioxolane, it was also reported [25] that the yield is enhanced with pressure from 14 to 43 bar, but with further increase in pressure there is a decrease in the yield. This unexpected affect of the increased pressure was attributed to the swelling (expansion) of the solvent as a result of greater dissolution of carbon dioxide in the solvent, which causes a reduction in the solubility of the copolymer. At pressures greater than 43 bar, molecular weight of the polymer was observed to decrease also. 

Sun R, Cubaud T. Dissolution of carbon dioxide bubbles and microfluidic multiphase flows. Lab Chip 2011 11(17) 2924-2928. 

According to the London doctrine, a small amount of carbonic acid in water prompted the formation of an insoluble carbonate of lead on the interior of the pipes. In this way, the London doctrine stated the exact opposite of other variants of the doctrine of protective power. Weak and colorless, carbonic acid is formed by the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water. Adams argued that several prominent chemists in London used this doctrine to justify the proposition that London could have continued to use lead service pipes safely if the city switched to a soft, and more corrosive, water supply. At the time Adams was writing, London drew its water from the river Thames, a hard-water source. Evidence to follow, however, raises serious questions about the London doctrine. 

The dissolution of carbon dioxide in wine does not differ much from that in water. It depends on the temperature and ranges between 2.43 gfl at 8°C and 1.73 g/1 at 18°C. These values correspond with the maximum amount of CO2 that can be dissolved in wine. 

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