Diseases of the central nervous system

Budka H (1989) Human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)-induced disease of the central nervous system pathology and implications for pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 77(3) 225-236 Budka H (1991) Neuropathology of human immunodeficiency vims infection. Brain Pathol 1(3) 163-175... 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is variable in terms of symptoms and presentation. The name refers to two features of the disease multiple describes the number of CNS lesions and sclerosis refers to the demyelinated lesions. Today, these lesions are usually called plaques, rather than scleroses. Although scientific understanding of MS has progressed at a rapid pace, there are still many areas of evolving knowledge. 

Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in humans 641... 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory demyeli-nating disease of the central nervous system that affects worldwide about 2.5 million people with no cure. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-induced EAE) in DA rats is an appropriate model for therapeutic testing, sharing many features with human multiple sclerosis. 

The presence of oligoclonal free kappa and lambda chains in CSF is a sensitive indication for recent antigenic immune response within the central nervous system, comparable with IgM. The detection of oligoclonal free kappa chains in CSF supports the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. In addition, free light chains can also be found in the CSF of patients having inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (LI). 

Rabies. An acute infectious disease of the central nervous system affecting most mammals including humans, caused by rhabdovi-rus. Typical symptoms include paresthesia and a burning sensation or pain at the site of inoculation, periods of hyperexcitability, agitation, delirium, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior, between which the person is often cooperative and lucid. 

Thus, the PS-SCL-based biometrical analysis was applied for the identification of T cell ligands for CSF-3, a CD4+ clone of unknown specificity that was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with chronic Lyme disease of the central nervous system.47 Each mixture of a decapeptide PS-SCL... 

Excitotoxic neuronal death is a common feature of neurodegenerative and ischemic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and of a variety of ocular diseases, including glaucoma. 

Natalizumab (Tysabri), an anti-a4 integrin monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, was recently withdrawn from the market temporarily due to cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system associated with immunosuppression [32], These cases highlight our incomplete understanding of the immune system and the translation of preclinical results to humans. 

In indications such as diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), the respiratory system, or the cardiovascular system, failure is often through the emergence of side effects. This is because the intended targets have other biological functions in other organ systems. The side effects come directly Irom the biology of the systems, they are mechanism-based. ... 

Multiple sclerosis An incurable disease of the central nervous system marked by progressive degeneration of the insulating sheaths of nerve cells and consequent losses of body functions. The cause is unknown. 

Nystagmus Rapid, involuntary, jerking movements ot the eyes, usually a sign of mtoxjcaf io/i or disease of the central nervous system. 

Parkinson s disease A degenerative disease of the central nervous system that produces muscular rigidity and tremor (involuntary, shaking movements). 

Nelson PT, Soma LA, Lavi E (2002) Microglia in diseases of the central nervous system. Ann Med 34 491-500. 

Gallo P, Sivieri S, Rinaldi L, Yan XB, Lolli F, De Rossi A, Tavolato B (1994) Intrathecal synthesis of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in viral and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. J Neurol Sci 126 49-53. 

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and kuru are fatal diseases of the central nervous system, known as transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathies (193). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the most common of these and has an incidence of 1 1000 000 in most countries. About 10% of those involved have a familial disposition, but most cases occur sporadically. There are similar diseases in sheep (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), and other animal species. The cause of the... 

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