Discharge flowmeters

Figure 27.3 Rotary kiln pyrolyzer [2], 1 thermometer 2 bearing 3 gear transmission 4 electric furnace 5 rotary kiln 6 temperature controller 7 seal 8 two-step condenser 9 filter 10 total flowmeter 11 computer 12 gas sampler 13 feed and discharge opening 14 adjustable-speed motor. (Adapted from Shah, N., Rockwell, J. and Huffman, G.P., Conversion of Waste Plasticto Oil Direct Liquefaction versus Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing, Energy Fuels, 13, 832-838 (1999))...

The pilot plant is equipped with two gauges one at the membrane entrance and the other at the exit. The plant is also equipped with two flowmeters one located at the entrance to the membranes to record the pumped flow and the other in the permeate stream to measure the discharge flow. The plant has a control panel, for starting and stopping the process and for controlling the blower and pump that feeds the bioreactor. The control panel can be set to automatic and the level inside the reactor is kept constant by means of the differential control. 

The trace of the sodium flow shows a response peculiar to this system. The sudden flow drop after injection was caused by vaporization of the water which pushed sodium through the flowmeter in the reverse direction to the expansion tank. After this transient, the sodium flow returned to normal, imtil the reaction products reached a vertical leg. The gaseous reaction products then reduced the head on the pump discharge, thereby increasing the flow. The final decrease in flow was probably caused by the reaction products partially plugging the system and thereby increasing the system pressure drop. 

Figure 4.1 shows the essentials of a typical discharge-flow apparatus this consists of four types of interconnected systems (a) the discharge tube and the flow tube (b) apparatus for the measurement of atom and radical concentrations (c) a system of flowmeters and vacuum valves and (d) an independent conventional high vacuum line for gas handling. 

Sand flow Can vary as a result of obstmctions at the discharge gate that reduce/stop the sand flow or wom/loose stop nuts that produce a faster flow Impact plate flowmeters... 

To achieve the desired volumes and concentrations, the feedwater was introduced during the first two hours (approximately) of each day s run. For the remainder of each day s run, the reject (concentrate) was recycled, becoming the feed, while the permeate was continuously removed and discharged after samples were composited for analysis. Each day s run was terminated when the flowmeters indicated Aat the... 

A flowmeter log, made while a drillhole is being pumped at a moderate rate or by allowing water to flow if there is sufficient artesian head, permits identification of the zones contributing to the discharge. It also provides information on the thickness of these zones and the relative yield at that discharge rate. Because the yield varies approximately directly with the drawdown of water level in a well, flowmeter logs made by pumping should be pumped at least at three different rates. The drawdown of water level should be recorded for each rate. 

Centrifugal pumps with flowmeters can be used for the dosing of oleum, alkylbenzene, dilution water and caustic solution. Positive displacement pumps are more accurate, but also more expensive. Furthermore, when a positive displacement pump is used, there must be a pressure relief system to prevent the pressure in the discharge line becoming too high and there must also be a pressure (h per in the discharge line. 

To determine when all the liquid is removed from the tank car, you may use the sight glass or flowmeter (when one is installed) in the liquid discharge line, the pressure gauges in the transfer lines, or the sample line on the tank car. When all the liquid is removed, the car is prepared for disconnecting by closing down liquid transfer lines first (with some exceptions such as chlorine). 

Core temperature monitoring All the fuel subassemblies are provided with temperature measurement at the outlet by 2 Cr-Al thomocouples. The signals are scanned every second by 3 dedicated computers. The gnals are processed to detect overheating due to global or individual subassembly loss of flow. Inlet flow to the core from the discharge of the 2 primary pumps is measured using eddy-current flowmeters. 

Gasstrdmu ngsmesser gas flowmeter Gasentladungsrdhre gas-discharge tube Gasentwicklung evolution of gas Gasflasche... 

A strain gage load cell was used to measure the mass in the tank. This with the gas meter reading was recorded on a Sanborn 4 channel recorder. The rate of discharge was measured by a Waugh propeller-type flowmeter in conjunction with an Ellis amplifier and a Hewlett-Packard electronic counter. The primary function of this instrument was to enable an operator to manually control the liquid discharge rate at a predetermined rate. The discharge time for all of the tests reported in this paper was two minutes. 

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