Direct focused research

One of the newer and more fmitful developments in this area is asymmetric hydroboration giving chiral organoboranes, which can be transformed into chiral carbon compounds of high optical purity. Other new directions focus on catalytic hydroboration, asymmetric aHylboration, cross-coupling reactions, and appHcations in biomedical research. This article gives an account of the most important aspects of the hydroboration reaction and transformations of its products. For more detail, monographs and reviews are available (1—13). 

L/evelopment of sophisticated surface analytical techniques over the past two decades has revived interest in the study of phenomena that occur at the electrode-solution interface. As a consequence of this renewed activity, electrochemical surface science is experiencing a rapid growth in empirical information. The symposium on which this book was based brought together established and up-and-coming researchers from the three interrelated disciplines of electrochemistry, surface science, and metal-cluster chemistry to help provide a better focus on the current status and future directions of research in electrochemistry. The symposium was part of the continuing series on Photochemical and Electrochemical Surface Science sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. 

Our present knowledge of the chemical and physical processes that govern aerosol formation in the atmosphere is rather limited, and further studies are needed in most of the relevant areas of research. This may leave the reader—and the decision-maker—with a feeling of endlessness. However, substantial improvements could be made in a reasonable period by focusing research efforts on the subjects most directly involved ... 

Aston s work was founded upon accurate measurements of the deflections of charged panicles. These measurements were made in an instrument he devised, the mass spectrograph. Many later instruments were developed following Aston s work, or following die Dempster instrument, which was built before Aston s. The direction-focusing mass-spectrographs and the later velocity-focusing instruments anJ composite instruments facilitated the determination, not only ill tile musses land hence mass numbers) of the isotopes of an element, hut their quantities as well. As a result of the immense amount of research in ihis field, die isotopic composition of the stable elements has been closely determined. And Lilts... 

The current efforts in flavanone analysis are directed toward enhanced sensitivity, especially in samples such as human plasma. In addition, advancements in HPLC and LC-MS techniques are another area of focused research. Another area of active research in flavonoid analysis is the capillary electrophoresis/electrochromatography of flavonoids. During the past decade a growing number of publications have addressed the efficient use of capillary electrophoresis. However, there are a limited number of reports on the use of capillary electrochromatography in the analysis of flavanones. This technique needs further consideration to fully elucidate its potential in flavanone analysis. 

The increasing cost of fish feed and the scarcity of fish meal have focused research on reducing the cost of the most expensive item in fish feeds, namely, the protein source. In order to attain a more economically sustainable and environmentally friendly production, research interest has been directed towards the evaluation and use of unconventional protein sources, particularly from plant products such as seeds, leaves and other agricultural byproducts (40, 75, 86). Therefore, developing a strategy to replace fish meal and fish oil in feeds should become a priority (104). 

After 1975, thiometalate chemistry was focused in two new directions of research, differing in their purpose as well as in the structural types of the complexes involved. These two new areas of research are related to two fields of chemistry which had apparently not been connected before heterogenous catalysis and bioinorganic chemistry.t ... 

Good performances can be obtained with the non-aqueous Li-ion redox-flow system however, a technical discussion of these results with RS2E s Industrial Partners immediately concluded that the economic viability of the system (for stationary applications) needed to focus on aqueous systems (for reasons of safety, toxicity and cost). This is the direction our research is currently taking. 

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