Diluents starch

Binder Adhesive to bind together diluent Starch, cellulose derivatives. 

As a diluent, starch is used for the preparation of standardized triturates of colorants or potent drugs to facilitate subsequent mixing or blending processes in manufacturing operations. Starch is also used in dry-filled capsule formulations for volume adjustment of the fill matrix. ... 

FIGURE 40.6 Plasma levels of molsidomine after oral administration of capsules containing molsidomine or its peracylated p-CyD complexes (equivalent to molsidomine at lOmg/body) in dogs. O, Molsidomine alone (diluent starch) , TA-(3-CyD complex , TB-p-CyD complex , TH-p-CyD complex. Each point represents the mean of 3-6 dogs. p < 0.05 versus molsidomine alone. 

Starch is insoluble in cold water, but in hot water the granules gelatinize to form an opalescent dispersion. It is made from corn, wheat, potatoes, rice and other cereals by various physical processes such as steeping, milling and sedimentation. It is used as an adhesive, for sizing paper and cloth, as an inert diluent in foods and drugs, and for many other purposes. 

Starch as sample diluent, 173 Steel strip, x-ray gaging, 69-71 Strontium, determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 329 in solution, discussion of background in x-ray emission spectrography, 213, 214... 

The analysis of a pharmaceutical tablet (6) requires sample preparation that is little more complex as most tablets contain excipients (a solid diluent) that may be starch, chalk, silica gel, cellulose or some other physiologically inert material. This sample preparation procedure depends on the insolubility of the excipient in methanol. As the components of interest are both acidic and neutral, the separation was achieved by exploiting both the ionic interactions between the organic acids and the adsorbed ion exchanger and the dispersive interactions with the remaining exposed reverse phase. 

The temperature at which this condition is satisfied is knovm as melting temperature or melting point (T ). Melting temperature depends on the composition of the amorphous phase. In a starch-water system, water acts as a diluent and then is regarded as the temperature at which the specific composition is similar to that of a standard solution. If the amorphous phase of starch is pure, the chemical potential (p ) is the same as its chemical potential at the standard state (pu°) at the same temperature and pressure ... 

The chemical potential of the polymer is affected by "impurities" such as solvents or copolymerized units. For an equilibrium condition in the presence of water as the diluent, the melting temperature of starch (Tm) would be lower because p in the presence of diluent is less than pi). For the starch-water system at equilibrium, the difference between the chemical potentials of the crystalline phase and the phase in the standard state (pure polymer at the same temperature and pressure) must be equal to the decrease in chemical potential of the polymer unit in solution relative to the same standard state (Flory, 1953). By considering the free energy of fusion per repeating unit and volume fraction of water (diluent), the... 

Native starches are used as disintegrants, diluents, and wet binders. However, their poor flow and high lubricant sensitivity make them less favorable in direct compression. Different chemical, mechanical, and physical modifications of native starches have been used to improve both their direct compression and controlled-release properties (Sanghvi, 1993 van Aerde and Remon, 1988). Schinzinger and Schmidt (2005) used potato starch as an excipient and compared its granulating behavior with a-lactose-monohydrate and di-calcium phosphate anhydrous in a laboratory fluidized bed granulator using statistical methods. 

In suspension polymerization water is used as a diluent and as a heat transfer aid. Suspending agents such as starch and melhylcellulose are used to keep the styrene monomer particles in suspension. The more efficient heat transfer of this process also allows for a narrower molecular weight distribution. 

Table 3 Effect of different drugs and their diluent media on the hydrolysis of starch by a-amylase ay 27°C for a period of 15 min. Data reproduced with permission from Homeopathy 91 217-220 (2002). Copyright with Elsevier.

The comparison of heroin exhibits has also been used successfully in court in helping to establish a conspiracy. Comparative analyses were conducted on five exhibits from two different cases. The preliminary examination revealed that the excipients and diluents in each case were sucrose, quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, com starch, and lactose monohydrate. 

Diluents. In general, diluents make up most of the dosage form. The selection of diluents is very important, especially for low-dose formulations, since they may make up 85-95% of the granulation. These diluents may be soluble or insoluble. The most commonly used soluble fillers include lactose, mannitol and sucrose. Commonly used insoluble fillers include microcrystalline cellulose, starch, calcium sulfate, and dibasic calcium phosphate. 

Spray-dried lactose, starch, Diluent or Bulk density, tapped density,... 

Tablet diluent Inert substance used as filler to create desired bulk, flow properties, and compression characteristics in preparation of tablets Dibasic calcium phosphate, kaolin, lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, precipitated calcim carbonate, sorbitol, starch...

Starch 1-10 Mainly used for binder, disintegrant, and diluent but... 

Because the liquified solutions thus obtained are paste-like, it is necessary to dilute them with some suitable solvents in order to measure the liquefaction rate. In that sense, the soluble properties of the liquified wood and starch (liquified biomass) were investigated using a series of diluent solvents [17]. It was found that the liquefaction mixture consists of complicated aggregates of the degraded and modified wood components. In most cases, any single solvent could not dissolve all of the liquified components completely, as shown in Table 2. It was found that the binary systems composed of different-... 

The decrease in expansion seems to occur at moisture levels above 30°/o moisture for both cereal (starch-based) polymer systems, and protein (soy grits). This corresponds to a point on their adsorption curves where water activity rises rapidly with added moisture that is, at a level where the water added to a mix has little effect on primary hydration of polymers, but behaves as a diluent. In mechanical terms, this may be explained by proposing that at above levels of 25°/o-30% water plasticisation of the polymers is complete, and further added water acts as a lubricant, reducing the shear-induced temperature rise and particle damage necessary for the formation of homogeneous melts. 

A great many of the materials that are used as pharmaceutical excipients occur naturally in the amorphous or partially amorphous state (e.g., gelatin and starch). Many others have been found to possess improved handling and mechanical properties when processed in such a manner as to render them at least partially amorphous. Examples of this include the grades of microcrystalline cellulose and lactose monohydrate used as pharmaceutical tableting diluents. ° ... 

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