Water—starch system

Other research using NMR techniques to study mobility in starch systems includes Li et al. (1998), who investigated the mobility of unfreezable and freezable water in waxy cornstarch using H and 2H NMR Choi and Kerr... 

The second soluble starch-g-PAN (No. 3) was prepared by subjecting another starch graft copolymer to a mild acid hydrolysis to partially depolymerize the starch moiety. The ethanol-water solvent system apparently promotes a greater number of starch PAN crosslinks than water, as evidenced by the lower solubilities (45 vs. 71% and 42 vs. 65%) and the higher viscosities for water dispersions (2400 vs. 920 cp and 690 vs. 

The rheological behavior of systems containing starch, soybean protein, soybean oil, and water (5 10 10 40) has been studied.1038 The viscosity of the system depends on the origin of the starch. For example, the viscosity of a potato-starch gel markedly decreases upon the addition of protein. In contrast, a cornstarch gel is much more stable and does not show a decrease in viscosity after the addition of protein. The incorporation of proteins into a lipid-starch system shows that proteins are distributed among both components of the system.885... 

In the present chapter the effect of sucrose and hydrocolloids (xanthan gum, guar gum, and sodium alginate) on (i) Tg of the freezeconcentrated matrix (7 ), (ii) amylose and amylopectin retrogradation, and (iii) rheological behavior of the system, are analyzed in gelatinized water-starch formulations frozen at different rates and stored at — 18°C. Besides, the importance of Tg as a parameter related to texture quality of starch-sucrose-hydrocolloids-based foods during frozen storage is discussed. 

The organic melt is emulsified in water with the aid of a suitable nonionic agent and stabilized by a protective colloid, e.g. potato starch gelatinized with water. The system is crystallized by cooling, and the crystals are separated from the emulsion and washed with water. The operation may be repeated if required. A typical example is shown in Figure 8.57 where five or six emulsion-crystallization cycles yield an almost pure naphthalene at an overall yield of 70 per cent compared with a less pure product at a 2 per cent yield by seven conventional fractional crystallization steps. The high efficiency of the emulsion crystallization is apparently due to the fact that crystal agglomeration does... 

Hysteresis in the vapour tension isotherms was found in the systems gelatin-water, starch-water, agar-water and many others. It is to be noted that it has been also observed in the equilibria of swollen graphitic acid with water where the water is known to be absorbed in the crystalline lattice of the substance, thus clearly demonstrating, as Katz justly remarks, that capillary condensation as an explanation is a failure. 

Tan I., Wee C.C., Sopade P.A., Halley P.J., Investigation of the starch gelatinization phenomena in water-glycerol system Application of modulate temperature differential scanning calorimetry, Carbohyd. Polym., 58, 2004,191-204. 

Follain N., Joly C., Dole R, Roge B., Mathlouthi M., Quaternary starch based blends Influence of a fourth component addition to the starch/water/glycerol system, Carbohydr. Polym., 63, 2006,400-407. 

Reasoning from the results obtained, one can draw a conclusion on the considerable stimulating influence of modified silicas and related nanocomposites on the vital activity of yeast S. cerevisiae cells. The mechanism of this effect is enough complicated. It is conditioned, to all appearance, by the transition of the water-organic systems located at the cell-silica interfaces into a clustered state characterized by the presence of WAW. This is a peculiar state of matter where interfacial water becomes easily permeable for both polar and nonpolar organic substances that promotes the cellular metabolism processes. Nevertheless, despite the vital activity (CO2 elimination) of cells increases in case of the use of both nanosilica and related nanocomposites, the reproductive performance of cells increases only on the use of starch-silica nanocomposites. 

The quaternary bis-hexaminium salt described here is particularly useful as a preservative in a wide variety of water based systems, e.g. polymer emulsions, latex paints, pigment and dye slurries, concrete additives, starches, thickener solutions. Addition rates 0 05-0-2%. For the rest what is mentioned before under Section 3.3 and 3.3.2 is valid. 

The best results in the starch block separation are achieved with 2 cc. or less of serum. However, fair separation can be obtained with a quantity up to 5 cc. Above this the band of origin becomes too broad and thicker blocks are necessary. In general, blocks more than 2 cm. in thickness have proved unsatisfactory, due in part to poorer dissipation of heat and increased gravity effects. Distortion of the bands with a marked curvature in the albumin component may be observed. The best results have been obtained with serum diluted with buffer to two-thirds concentration or less viscosity effects are prominent when whole serum is employed. The electroosmotic flow of water is only slightly greater than that observed with the usual filter papers. In a serum separation, most of the y-globulin falls behind the origin on the cathode side at pH 8.6. A wide application of the starch system for small-scale preparative electrophoresis, particularly of serum, has recently developed. Early observations indicated a... 

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