Digital coating

Van Parys, M., 2013. Change the course from wet to dry technologies using digital coating/ finishing technologies. Unitex 2, 6-9. 

Imaging plates are exposed similar to radiographic films. They are read out by a LASER-scanner to a digital image without any developing process. After optical erasing of the virtual picture the same IP can be used cyclic up to more than 1000 times. The life time is limited by the mechanical stability of the IP s. An IP consists of a flexible polymer carrier which is coated with the sensitive layer. This layer is covered with a thin transparent protective foil. 

In the theoretical treatment of ion exchange polymers the roles of charge propagation and of migration of ions were further studied by digital simulation. Another example of proven 3-dimensional redox catalysis of the oxidation of Ks[Fe(CN)5] at a ruthenium modified polyvinylpyridine coated electrode was reported... 

Pd on Carbon. The catalyst analyzed here is a commercial hydrogenation catalyst with 5% Pd supported on activated carbon (Alfa). The catalyst was ground in a mortar and pestle and dispersed dry onto a carbon coated Cu grid. While x-ray spectra from heavy metal particles down to 2nm in diameter can be obtained (O by manually directing the electron beam to the particle, digital images of Pd particles at high resolution have not been obtained previously. 

M. Hartmann, E.W. Grabner, and P. Bergveld, Prussian blue-coated inter-digitated array electrodes for possible analytical application. Anal. Chim, Acta 242, 249—257 (1991). 

Oligomer and Film Characterization. Brookfield viscosity measurements were taken on a Model RVTD digital readout viscometer. Samples for Instron testing were prepared on glass plates using 25 or 75 pm (1.0 or 3.0 mil) Byrd film applicator. Coatings for cure speed and MEK double rub (MEKDR) studies were prepared on aluminum Q-Panels using a 40 wire wound rod (100 pm or 4.0 mil). 

A Teflon-coated thermocouple of the J-type attached to an Omega model 650 digital thermometer can be substituted for the immersion thermometer. 

First chemical test measurements have been conducted with the array chip. Figure 6.19 shows the results that have been obtained simultaneously from three microhotplates coated with different tin-dioxide-based materials at operation temperatures of 280 °C and 330 °C in humidified air (40% relative humidity at 22 °C). The first microhotplate (pHPl) is covered with a Pd-doped Sn02 layer (0.2wt% Pd), which is optimized for CO-detection, whereas the sensitive layer on microhotplate 3 contains 3 wt% Pd, which renders this material more responsive to CH4. The material on microhotplate 2 is pure tin oxide, which is known to be sensitive to NO2. Therefore, the electrodes on microhotplate 2 do not measure any significant response upon exposure to CO or methane. The digital register values can be converted to resistance values by taking into account the resistor bias currents [147,148]. The calculated baseline resistance of microhotplate 1 is approximately 47 kQ, that of hotplate 2 is 370 kQ and the material on hotplate 3 features a rather large resistance of nearly 1MQ. 

The last and most advanced system presented in this book includes an array of three MOS-transistor-heated microhotplates (Sect. 6.3). The system relies almost exclusively on digital electronics, which entailed a significant reduction of the overall power consumption. The integrated C interface reduces the number of required wire bond connections to only ten, which allows to realize a low-prize and reliable packaging solution. The temperature controllers that were operated in the pulse-density mode showed a temperature resolution of 1 °C. An excellent thermal decoupling of each of the microhotplates from the rest of the array was demonstrated, and individual temperature modulation on the microhotplates was performed. The three microhotplates were coated with three different metal-oxide materials and characterized upon exposure to various concentrations of CO and CH4. 

NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Digital FT-NMR Avance 400 spectrometer (CDClj solvent) with TMS as internal reference. In the C spectra qnatemaiy, methylene and methyl carbons were identified using DEPT experiments. IR spectra were recorded on Perkin Elmer FT-IR spectrometer (KBr). Reactions were performed under dry nitrogew Melting points were measured on a Gallenkamp melting point apparatus. Sihca gel 60 (Merck) was used for column separations. TLC was conducted on standart conversion aluminium sheets pre-coated with a 0.2 mm layer of sihca gel. 

Simultaneous monitoring of the selfgenerated electrochemical potential and current noise using analogue and digital techniques has been evaluated as a tool for monitoring coating performance. These data obtained have been compared with those from a.c. in jedance techniques. 

Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the tumor spheroid-based migration assay. Tumor spheroids (TS) are transferred from their cuiture vessei or piate into a 96-weii fiat-bottomed migration piate pre-coated with an extraceiiuiar matrix (ECM) protein of choice (in this case, geiatin). Digital images of the spheroids are then captured at t=0 and once every 24 h for a period of up to 72 h, exemplified here by CAL spheroids. Image analysis software is used to calculate the spheroid size and extent of migration. Scale bar=100 p.m.

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