Digestion metabolism

C. S. Stewart, M. Fevre and R. A. Prins, in Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction, ed. W. von Englehardt, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, 1985, pp. 249-268. 

CH4 is responsible for the greenhouse effect in about 2.5% of the cases (Schonwiese 1995). CH4 emissions from agriculture derive primarily from ruminant livestock. Up to 80% of CH4 emissions come from digestive metabolism, whereas 20% develop from excretion. In the latter context, liquid manure systems bear a higher potential of CH4 release than stable manure systems. 

Chronic diseases and disorders of digestion, metabolism and immune function, such as chronic gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, food allergy and intolerance, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome and prolapse of organs. 

Bauman, D.E., Lock A.L., Corl B.A., IpC., Salter A.M., Parodi P.W. 2005. Milk fatty acids and human health potential role of conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids. In Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism and Impact of Nutrition on Gene Expression, Immunology and Stress. (K. Sejrsen, T. Hvelplund, and M.O. Nielsen, eds.), pp. 523-555, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Academic Publishers. 

Gaertner K (2001) The forestomach of rats and mice, an effective device supporting digestive metabolism in muridae (Review). J Exp Anim Sci 42 1-20 Harrison AP, Erlwanger KH, Elbrond VS et al. (2004) Gastrointestinal-tract models and techniques for use in safety pharmacology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 49 187-199... 

Evaluation of Energy Availability. Trial 1. The rations shown in Table IV were designed to estimate the value of hemicellulose in rations for lambs and mature wethers. Each sheep received each ration for about 30 days. During the last 14 days of each period, animals were in digestion-metabolism stalls to determine nitrogen and energy use. 

Table XIV. Observations of Sheep on Digestion-Metabolism Trials to Determine the Value of HC and Molasses in a Maintenance Ration...

Dietary exposure to PAH was examined in more detail in a controlled CB beef feeding experiment in which each individual served as his own control. Two individuals exhibited measurable increases in PAH-DNA adduct levels while the two other individuals did not respond. This difference could be due to interindividual differences in constitutive or induced physiological parameters such as absorption, digestion, metabolism, excretion and DNA adduct formation and repair (11). Conney et al (12) demonstrated the induction of phenacetin metabolizing enzymes in human volunteers fed CB beef for four days. Variation in the Inducibllity of PAH metabolizing enzymes in hepatocytes and peripheral blood cells in individuals fed CB beef may explain some of the observed interindividual differences in this study. Other studies (13.14) have demonstrated a 3-10 fold variation in the ability of cultured human lymphocytes or monocytes to form B(a)P-DNA adducts after treatment with B(a)P. 

Griinari, J. M., Bauman, D. E. (2006). Milk fat depression concepts, mechanism and management application. In K. Sejrsen, T. Hvelplund, M. O. Nielsen (Eds.), Ruminant physiology digestion, metabolism and impact nutrition on gene expression, immunology and stress (pp. 389-417). Amsterdam, Netherlands Wageningen Academic Publishers. 

Notice another thing about cellulose and starch. The only way they differ is in how the glucose units are attached to each other. This minor change makes the difference between a potato and a tree. (Okay, it s not quite that simple.) Human beings can digest (metabolize) starches but not cellulose. A termite can digest cellulose just fine. In natural polymers, just like in synthetic ones, a minor change sometimes makes a big difference in the properties of the polymer. 

Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical reactions occurring in living organisms. Its scope includes such processes as growth, digestion, metabolism, and reproduction. 

Cronje P 2000 Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction, Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, WaWingiord, UK, CABI. [See also other volumes in this series.]... 

Cronje P B 2000 Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction. 

Sejrsen K, HvelplundT and Nielsen M O 2006 Ruminant Physiology Digestion, Metabolism and Impact of Nutrition on Gene Expression, Immunology and Stress, Wageningen, Wageningen Academic Publishers. 

Digestion/metabolism under the influence of lipases, triacylglycerols are hydrolysed to free acids and 2-monoacylglycerol. These are reconverted to triacylglycerol for transport as chylomicrons or lipoproteins. 

What are the differences among gross, digestible, metabolized, and net energies ... 

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