Diethyl ether naming

The addition of a diethyl ether solution of ZnCl2 to in situ prepared LiC6F5 (Scheme 11) yielded initially an oily product, which was identified as a mixture of Zn(C6F5)2 and its diethyl etherate, namely [Zn(C6F5)2(OEt2)2].38 After multiple vacuum distillations, ether-free Zn(G6F5)2 11 was obtained as a free-flowing powder. 

Dramatic rate accelerations of [4 + 2]cycloadditions were observed in an inert, extremely polar solvent, namely in5 M solutions oflithium perchlorate in diethyl ether(s 532 g LiC104 per litre ). Diels-Alder additions requiring several days, 10—20 kbar of pressure, and/ or elevated temperatures in apolar solvents are achieved in high yields in some hours at ambient pressure and temperature in this solvent (P.A. Grieco, 1990). Also several other reactions, e.g, allylic rearrangements and Michael additions, can be drastically accelerated by this magic solvent. The diastereoselectivities of the reactions in apolar solvents and in LiClO EtjO are often different or even complementary and become thus steerable. 

The reaction is named for Alexander Williamson a British chemist who used it to prepare diethyl ether in 1850... 

Cyclic ethers are named either as heterocyclic compounds or by specialist rules of heterocyclic nomenclature. Radicofunctional names are formed by citing the names of the radicals R and R followed by the word ether. Thus methoxyethane becomes ethyl methyl ether and ethoxyethane becomes diethyl ether. 

Phenolphthalein. Alophen, Ex-Lax, Feen-a-Miat, Modane, and Phenolax are trade names for phenolphthaleia [77-09-8] (3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphen5l)-l-(3ff)-l isobensofuranone) (10). It is a white or faintiy yellowish white crystalline powder, odorless and stable ia air, and practically iasoluble ia water one gram is soluble ia 15 mL alcohol and 100 mL diethyl ether. Phenolphthaleia may be prepared by mixing phenol, phthaHc anhydride, and sulfuric acid, and heating at 120°C for 10—12 h. The product is extracted with boiling water, then the residue dissolved ia dilute sodium hydroxide solution, filtered, and precipitated with acid. 

A Methylamino)phenol. This derivative, also named 4-hydroxy-/V-methy1ani1ine (19), forms needles from benzene which are slightly soluble in ethanol andinsoluble in diethyl ether. Industrial synthesis involves decarboxylation of A/-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine [122-87-2] at elevated temperature in such solvents as chlorobenzene—cyclohexanone (184,185). It also can be prepared by the methylation of 4-aminophenol, or from methylamiae [74-89-5] by heating with 4-chlorophenol [106-48-9] and copper sulfate at 135°C in aqueous solution, or with hydroquinone [123-31 -9] 2l. 200—250°C in alcohoHc solution (186). 

Simple ethers derive their name from the two groups attached to the oxygen followed by the word ether, eg, diethyl ether, CH3CH2OCH2CH3. Eor symmetrical ethers the "di" prefix is often omitted. If one group has no simple name, the compound may be named as an alkoxy derivative, eg, 2-ethoxyethanol, CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH. 

Both common and systematic names of compounds are used throughout this volume, depending on which the Editor-in-Chief felt was more appropriate The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the title name, is given as a subtitle Systematic Chemical Abstracts nomenclature, used in both the 9th and 10th Collective Indexes for the title compound and a selection of other compounds mentioned in the procedure, is provided in an appendix at the end of each preparation. Registry numbers, which are useful in computer searching and identification, are also provided in these appendixes. Whenever two names are concurrently in use and one name is the correct Chemical Abstracts name, that name is adopted. For example, both diethyl ether and ethyl ether are normally used. Since ethyl ether is the established Chemical Abstracts name for the 8lh Collective Index, it has been used in this volume The 9th Collective Index name is 1,1 -oxybisethane, which the Editors consider too cumbersome. 

Use of hyphens single- and multiple-word names. The general rule is to determine whether the parent is itself an element or compound. If so, then the name is written as a single word if not, then the name is written as multiple words. Methylbenzene is written as one word, for instance, because the parent—benzene—is itself a compound. Diethyl ether, however, is written as two words because the parent—ether—is a class name rather than a compound name. Some further examples follow ... 

The lUPAC method wonld be to treat the oxygen atom like a carbon atom and then indicate where the oxygen atom is with the term oxa-. So diethyl ether would be 3-oxapentane, but no one calls it that. Everyone calls it diethyl ether (or even just ethyl ether). It is not a bad idea to familiarize yourself with all of the common names listed in whatever textbook yon are nsing. 

This has the attraction of explaining other characteristic features of this reaction, namely (i) the sensitivity to oxygen of the rate and course of reaction (because of capture of O2 by CH(C02H)2), (11) acceleration by added acrylonitrile to produce a carboxyl group-containing polymer, and (///) powerful induced oxidations by the reaction mixture of molecules inert to Mn(II[) pyrophosphate, e.g. ethanol, diethyl ether. 

Some solvents have such a long tradition of use, they are our old friends and we use very informal names for them alcohol. Ethyl alcohol ethanol, ether. Diethyl ether ethoxyethane. 

Obtain samples of the following 11 organic liquids contained in individual small dropper bottles n-hexane (or other alkane), acetonitrile, methylene chloride, acetone, toluene, methanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethylbenzene, ethanol, and chloroform. Then label each of the test tubes from step 1 with the names, or an abbreviation of the names, of these liquids. 

A further aid in the location of the solvents and their exact specification is the Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Registry Number, shown in the second column. The Chemical Abstracts name may be the same as the commonly used one or may differ from it considerably, so that it is not always easy to find the solvents in these Chemical Substance Indexes of the Chemical Abstracts. Eor instance, benzene, methyl is a fairly transparent name for toluene, and methanol, phenyl a slightly less one for benzyl alcohol, but one has to become familiar with the systematics of Chemical Abstracts nomenclature in order to search for diethyl ether or any other more complicated compound. It is expected that with all this information available in table Al the solvents listed are definitely specified and readily found in the Abstracts and other compilation of information and data. 

Ethers can be symmetrical, where the two alkyl groups are the same, or unsymmetrical, where the two alkyl groups are different. While diethyl ether is symmetrical, ethyl methyl ether is unsymmetrical. The common name of an unsymmetrical ether is obtained by quoting the names of the two alkyl groups in alphabetical order followed by the prefix ether. 

In the nomenclature of ethers, either the suffix -ether or the prefix alkoxy- is used. For example, diethyl ether can be called ethoxyethane, and methyl t-butyl ether can be named as 2-methyl-2-methoxypropane. 

Unsaturated sugars, namely glycals, such as 3,4,6-tri-Oacetyl-l, 5-anhydro-2-dcoxy-D-r//v/-/w7o-hex-1-enetol and the d-/v.yo epimer react with xenon difluoride in the presence of a boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex to give a mixture of C2 epimeric fluorides.45,46 Tri-O-acctyl-D-galactal treated with xenon difluoride in trichlorofluoromcthane below 5 C forms after hydrolysis (0.5 M HC1) 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactose in 63% overall yield.47... 

Diethyl ether is the systematic name for the ether historically used as an anesthetic. 

Functional class IUPAC name Diethyl ether Ethyl methyl ether 3-Chloropropyl ethyl ether... 

We have recently reported an alternative liquid precursor for the CVD of aluminum thin films.3 The main advantage of (AT,AT-dimethylethanamine)-trihydridoaluminum, frequently referred to by its trivial name dimethylethyl-amine alane (DMEAA), over (trimethylamine) trihydridoaluminum is that DMEAA is a liquid at room temperature, which provides stationary pressure conditions for better control of precursor transport. Analogous to the previously reported synthesis of (trimethylamine)trihydridoaluminum,4 the reaction of lithium tetrahydroaluminate(l —) with AT,AT-dimethyl-ethanaminium chloride in diethyl ether generates the stable liquid precursor DMEAA with high yield. 

Positional Isomers Positional isomers differ in the position where a functional group occurs in a molecule. In Figure 1.2.1, 1-butanol and 2-butanol are positional isomers with the position of the hydroxyl group indicated by the prefixes 1 and 2, respectively. Similarly, methyl n-propyl ether and diethyl ether are positional isomers, as reflected in their synonym names 2-oxapentane and 3-oxapentane, with the prefixes 2 and 3 indicating the position of the ether group, respectively. 

CARBENE. The name quite generally used for the methylene radical, CH,. It is formed during a number of reactions. Thus the flash photochemical decomposition of ketene (CH2=C=0) has been shown to proceed in two stages. The first yields carbon monoxide and CHj. the latter then reacting with more ketene to form ethylene and carbon monoxide. Carbcne reacts by insertion into a C- H bond to form a C-CH, bond. Thus carbene generated from ketene reacts with propane to form, i-butane and isobutane. Carbene generated by pyrolysis uf diazomethane reacts with diethyl ether to form ethylpropyl ether and ethylisopropyl ether. 

In general, ethers are low on the scale of chemical reactivity because the carbon-oxygen bond is not cleaved readily. For this reason ethers frequently are employed as inert solvents in organic synthesis. Particularly important in this connection are diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane. The mono- and dialkyl ethers of 1,2-ethanediol, 3-oxa-l,5-pentanediol, and related substances are useful high-boiling solvents. Unfortunately, their trade names are not very rational. Abbreviated names are in... 

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