Ethanol diazepam

Management of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning is similar. Symptomatic support of respiration and circulation is augmented by correction of metabolic acidosis with intravenous bicarbonate infusion, and control of seizures with diazepam. Ethanol inhibits the metabolism of methanol and ethylene glycol to the toxic metabolites, and can give time for further treatment. The goal is to maintain blood ethanol concentrations between 100 and 150 mg per decilitre, sufficient to saturate alcohol... 

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of olanzapine have been extensively reviewed (266). Olanzapine does not inhibit CYP isozymes, and no clinically significant metabolic interactions were found of olanzapine with aminophylline, biperiden, diazepam, ethanol, fluoxetine, imipramine, lithium, or R/S-warfarin. 

Curry SH, Smith CM. Diazepam-ethanol interaction in humans addition or potentiation Commm Psychopharmacol (1979) 3,101-13. 

Drug solutions and implantation of osmotic mini-pumps Physostigmine hemisulphate and procyclidine hydrochlorid were obtained from Sigma (St.Louis, U.S.A.), scopolamine hydrobromid from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), atropine sulphate was obtained from ACF (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), and diazepam from Roche (The Netherlands). HI-6 was made available by the Defence Research Establishment, Suffield, Canada. Soman (O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) was synthesised at TNO. Alzet Osmotic Mini-pumps with a constant delivery rate of 0.55 pl/hr (Model 2002, Alza Corp., Palo Alto, USA) were used to deliver PYR, PHY and SCO. The vehicle consisted of 20% propylene glycol, 10% ethanol and 70% water. The pumps were implanted subcutaneously under isoflurane/02 inhalation anesthesia. 

Kim DJB, Brioni JD (1995) Modulation of the discriminative stimulus properties of—nicotine by diazepam and ethanol. Dmg Dev Res 34 47-54... 

The third way for the synthesis emanates from 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone (5.1.5), which is acylated by chloracetic acid chloride, forming 2-chloracetylmethylamido-5-chlorbenzophenone (5.1.6). Reaction of this product with hexamethylenetetramine replaces the chlorine atom in the chloracetyl part of the molecule, giving a hexamethyl-enetetramino derivative of 2-aminoacetyhnethylamido-5-chlorbenzophenone, which upon hydrolysis in an hydrochloric acid ethanol solution undergoes cyclocondensation and gives diazepam (5.1.2) [6,7]. 

The withdrawal syndrome from ethanol includes anxiety, insomnia, possibly convulsions and visual hallucinations (delirium tremens - the Dts). It is treated or better still prevented by a calm environment, adequate (but not excessive) hydration, and careful monitoring, with the added use of anticon-vulsive/sedative agents, mainly benzodiazepines to prevent or treat convulsions. The preventive effects of benzodiazepines on withdrawal morbidity has been clearly demonstrated. There do not seem to be major differences between benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide or diazepam or others. Because of the abuse potential in these highly susceptible patients, these should be rapidly weaned, and proper prevention of relapse instituted. Other drugs such as meprobamate and clomethiazole (Hemineurin) are commonly used in some countries. The effectiveness... 

Bo O, Hafner O, Langard O, et al. Ethanol and diazepam as causative agents in road accidents. In Iraelstam S, Lambert S, eds. Alcohol, drugs, and traffic safety. Toronto Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, 1975. 

Long-acting drugs such as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam and, to a lesser extent, phenobarbital are administered in progressively decreasing doses to patients during withdrawal from physiologic dependence on ethanol or other sedative-hypnotics. Parenteral lorazepam is used to suppress the symptoms of delirium tremens. 

Diazepam BDZ receptor agonist that facilitates GABA-mediated activation of GABA A receptors Prevention and treatment of acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome ... 

Diazepam 5mg/L Propylene glycol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid 2,008.8 257.6... 

Linnoila, M. et al., Effects of adinazolam and diazepam, alone and in combination with ethanol, on psychomotor and cognitive performance and on autonomic nervous system reactivity in healthy volunteers, Eur. J. Clin. Phatmacol., 38, 371, 1990. 

Buspirone causes less psychomotor impairment than diazepam and does not affect driving skills. The drug does not potentiate the central nervous system depressant effects of conventional sedative-hypnotic drugs, ethanol, or tricyclic antidepressants, and elderly patients do not appear to be more sensitive to its actions. Tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, gastrointestinal distress, and paresthesias may occur more frequently than with benzodiazepines. Buspirone also causes a dose-dependent pupillary constriction. Blood pressure may be elevated in patients receiving MAO inhibitors. A number of buspirone analogs have been developed (eg, ipsapirone, gepirone, tandospirone) and are under study. 

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