Diarrhea with abdominal pain

Withhold oxacillin as prescribed, and promptly notify the physician if the patient experiences a rash or diarrhea with abdominal pain, blood or mucus in stools, fever... 

Severe diarrhea with abdominal pain, fever, and mucus or blood in stools may indicate antibiotic-associated colitis... 

This formula can harmonize the functions of the Liver and the Spleen and can treat a condition of Liver-Qi overacting on the Spleen with disturbance of Qi movement in the Middle-Jiao. The manifestations are borborygmi, abdominal pain, an urge to defecate, and diarrhea with abdominal pain subsiding after completion. The tongue coating is thin and white and the pulse is wiry. 

HPI MP is a 28-year-old female graduate student who was admitted to the hospital for extreme abdominal pain accompanied by a temperature of 38.8°C. She reports 5 months of episodic diarrhea with abdominal pain that is relieved upon defecation. Three weeks prior to admission, MP notes that the diarrhea frequency has increased to 10 to 15 episodes per day. She also says that bright red blood appears in her stools. 

Main signs symptoms Diarrhea with abdominal pain, tenesmus, burning heat around the anus, diarrhea containing pus and blood with more red colored material and less white colored material, thirst with a desire to drink chilled water, a red tongue with yellow coating, and a wiry, rapid pulse... 

Gastrointestinal Severe new-onset colitis occurred in two kidney transplant recipients shortly after the introduction of a mod-ified-release formulation of tacrolimus instead of standard twice-daily tacrolimus in one case and ciclosporin in the other [85 ]. Both developed severe, intermittent bloody diarrhea, with abdominal pain, weight loss, dehydration, and worsening graft function. The symptoms did not abate after dosage reduction or withdrawal of mycophenolate. 

Whipworm (Trichuris trichiurd) adult females are 5 cm long. These worms thread their entire body into the epithelium of the colon, where they feed on tissue juice and small amounts of blood. Infections of several hundred worms may cause irritation and inflammation of the mucosa, with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas. Eggs are discharged and passed into the feces. Infections result from the swallowing of eggs that are obtained directly from contaminated soil. Untreated adult worms Hve for years. 

In the first clinical studies with lovastatin, pte-dmg semm cholesterol values of 150—300 mg/dL were shown to be decreased as much as 25% with a dosage of 15 mg twice daily for just over a week (149). Whereas the dmg shows few adverse side effects, gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea and abdominal pain, ate the most common. 

The more common adverse effects seen with the administration of these dm include nausea, diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain or discomfort, and dizziness. A more serious adverse reaction seen with the administration of the fluoroquinolones, especially lomefloxacin and sparfloxacin, is a photosensitivity reaction. This is manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction when the skin is exposed to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight or sunlamps. 

The most common adverse reactions seen with the proton pump inhibitors include headache, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Other less common adverse reactions include nausea, flatulence, constipation, and dry mouth. 

As with ulcerative colitis, the presentation of Crohn s disease is highly variable (Table 26-4). A single episode may not be followed by further episodes, or the patient may experience continuous, unremitting disease. A patient may present with diarrhea and abdominal pain or a perirectal or perianal lesion. 

A case control study of 6,913 individuals living near a Korean river contaminated with 30 tons of 100% phenol found nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain among 1,824 exposed subjects compared to 1,064 unexposed subjects (Kim et al. 1994). The level of phenol measured in the two reservoirs that served the community was 0.05 mg/L after the spill, while that in the chlorinated tap water was... 

Gl Gl symptoms are the most common reactions to miglitol. The incidence of diarrhea and abdominal pain tend to diminish considerably with continued treatment. Renal function impairment Plasma concentrations of miglitol in renally impaired volunteers were proportionally increased relative to the degree of renal dysfunction. Long-term clinical trials in diabetic patients with significant renal dysfunction (serum creatinine more than 2 mg/dL) have not been conducted. Treatment of these patients with miglitol is not recommended. 

Other vasospasm-related events Peripheral vascular ischemia and colonic ischemia with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea have been reported with 5-HT- agonists. 

The most frequent adverse experiences associated with pilocarpine were a consequence of the expected pharmacologic effects. Adverse reactions occurring in at least 3% of patients include the following Sweating, nausea, rhinitis, chills, flushing, urinary frequency, dizziness, asthenia, headache, dyspepsia, lacrimation, diarrhea, edema, abdominal pain, amblyopia, vomiting, pharyngitis, and hypertension. 

The incidence of side effects associated with erythromycin therapy is very low. Mild gastrointestinal upset with nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are reported to occur more commonly when the propionate and es-tolate salts are used. Rashes are seen infrequently but may be a part of a general hypersensitivity reaction that includes fever and eosinophilia. Thrombophlebitis may follow intravenous administration, as may transient impairment of hearing. 

The major adverse reactions reported are hypersensitivity rashes and diarrhea. The rash is usually itchy, morbilliform, and general. Gastrointestinal intolerance with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting occurs infrequently. Hepatotoxicity and bone marrow suppression have been noted. 

Short-term mebendazole therapy for intestinal nematodes is nearly free of adverse effects. Mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain have been reported infrequently. Rare side effects, usually with high-dose therapy, are hypersensitivity reactions (rash, urticaria), agranulocytosis, alopecia, and elevation of liver enzymes. 

Pancreatic enzyme supplements are well tolerated. The capsules should be swallowed, not chewed, because pancreatic enzymes may cause oropharyngeal mucositis. Excessive doses may cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. The high purine content of pancreas extracts may lead to hyperuricosuria and renal stones. Several cases of colonic strictures were reported in patients with cystic fibrosis who received high doses of pancrelipase with high lipase activity. These high-dose formulations have since been removed from the market. 

A meta-analysis of seven double-bhnd, randomized, placebo-controlled studies in which acarbose was used for a minimum of 52 weeks for the management of type 2 diabetes has shown that the frequency of the most common adverse events of flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain varied from country to country 53% of those taking acarbose reported symptoms in Germany compared with 73% in Canada (46). The frequency of adverse effects with placebo was also higher in Canada (39%) than in Germany (29%). 

According to long-term studies covering 7-9 years, probucol seems to be well tolerated with a reasonably low incidence of adverse effects. All the documented adverse effects were concentrated in the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of diarrhea fell from 19% in the first year to 5% in the next. Only in some 3% of cases do symptoms such as diarrhea or abdominal pain lead to withdrawal of treatment. Diarrhea and flatulence, which resolve after a few months, are common. 

---