Dialysis effect

L Heureux R, Dennis T, Curet O, Scatton B. 1986. Measurement of endogenous noradrenaline release in the rat cerebral cortex in vivo by transcortical dialysis effects of drugs affecting noradrenergic transmission. J Neurochem 46(6) 1794-1801. 

Dialysis Dialysis is indicated in a minority of severe overdose cases. Drug factors that alter dialysis effectiveness include volume of distribution, drug... 

Table III. Dialysis effect on gel characteristics of 10% protein dispersions of whey protein concentrate (WPG) heated at 100 C for 15 rain.

Korevaar JC, Jansen MA, Dekker FW, Jager KJ, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT, et al. When to initiate dialysis effect of proposed US guidelines on survival. Lancet 2001 358 1046-50. 

Spaulding, S. W., and Gregerman, R. I., Free thyroxine in serum by equilibrium dialysis Effects of dilution, specific ions and inhibitors of binding. /. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 34, 974-982 (1972). 

Electrodialysis. Electro dialytic membrane process technology is used extensively in Japan to produce granulated—evaporated salt. Filtered seawater is concentrated by membrane electro dialysis and evaporated in multiple-effect evaporators. Seawater can be concentrated to a product brine concentration of 200 g/L at a power consumption of 150 kWh/1 of NaCl (8). Improvements in membrane technology have reduced the power consumption and energy costs so that a high value-added product such as table salt can be produced economically by electro dialysis. However, industrial-grade salt produced in this manner caimot compete economically with the large quantities of low cost solar salt imported into Japan from Austraha and Mexico. 

Fig. 1. General dialysis is a process by which dissolved solutes move through a membrane in response to a difference in concentration and in the absence of differences in pressure, temperature, and electrical potential. The rate of mass transport or solute flux, ( ), is directly proportional to the difference in concentration at the membrane surfaces (eq. 1). Boundary layer effects, the difference between local and wall concentrations, are important in most...

If the inhibitor combines irreversibly with the enzyme—for example, by covalent attachment—the kinetic pattern seen is like that of noncompetitive inhibition, because the net effect is a loss of active enzyme. Usually, this type of inhibition can be distinguished from the noncompetitive, reversible inhibition case since the reaction of I with E (and/or ES) is not instantaneous. Instead, there is a time-dependent decrease in enzymatic activity as E + I El proceeds, and the rate of this inactivation can be followed. Also, unlike reversible inhibitions, dilution or dialysis of the enzyme inhibitor solution does not dissociate the El complex and restore enzyme activity. 

Luciferase-catalyzed luminescence of luciferin. Odontosyllis luciferin emits light in the presence of Mg2+, molecular oxygen and luciferase. The relationship between the luminescence intensity and the pH of the medium shows a broad optimum (Fig. 7.2.8). The luminescence reaction requires a divalent alkaline earth ion, of which Mg2+ is most effective (optimum concentration 30 mM). Monovalent cations such as Na+, K+, and NH have little effect, and many heavy metal ions, such as Hg2+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Zn2+, are generally inhibitory. The activity of crude preparations of luciferase progressively decreases by repeated dialysis and also by concentrating the solutions under reduced pressure. However, the decreased luciferase activity can be completely restored to the original activity by the addition of 1 mM HCN (added as KCN). The relationship between the concentration of HCN and the luciferase activity is shown in Fig. 7.2.9. Low concentrations of h and K3Fe(CN)6 also enhance luminescence, but their effects are only transient. 

The effect of hemodialysis can be derived from the removed fraction (FR) that is the relative amount eliminated from the body during the time (/HD) of one dialysis session. This fraction can be derived from the half-life on dialysis (Tl/2on) or from the area under the curve (AUC) on and off dialysis. 

Winzor and coworkers have employed measurements of the Donnan distribution of small ions in dialysis equilibrium [14] to reinforce earlier evidence of charge-screening effects in polysaccharide anions [164,165]. These researchers used the absorption optical system of a Beckman XL-1 ultracentrifuge to monitor the distribution of ions in polysaccharide solutions... 

In a typical equilibrium dialysis study of charged polysaccharides an indicator ion, L (chromate), is included in the supporting electrolyte medium (phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, I 0.08) to allow assessment of the effective net charge of the polyanions via a modified form of Eq. 31, namely. 

Oku, N., and MacDonald, R. C. (1983a). Differential effects of alkali metal chlorides on formation of giant liposomes by freezing and thawing and dialysis. Biochemistry. 22. 855-863. 

Effect of dialysis Stem juice dialysed against distilled water for 16 hours. PG inhibitor activity was examined in the dialysate after 16 hours after removal of precipitate by centrifugation. Table 4 shows that the inhibitor is more or less non-dialysable although a part of its activity is lost during dialysis. Dialysis results in about 3 fold purification of the inhibitor. Dialysed inhibitor was used in subsquent studies. 

This assay system developed by Chaires [136] is a new, powerful and effective tool based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle of equilibrium dialysis for the discovery of ligands that bind to nucleic acids with structural and sequence selectivity. Here, identical concentrations of various nucleic acid samples are dialysed in dispodialysers against a common ligand solution. At equilibrium, the contents of the ligand bound to each nucleic acid are determined and this is correlated directly to the ligand s specificity to a particular sequence. 

Aluminium is the most abundant element of the lithosphere. Although a large number of persons are exposed world-wide to Al, the incidence of pulmonary effects is low (Schaller et al. 1994). In the 1970 s the effect of Al appearing in dialysis solutions on the central nervous system has become weU known. Increased Al could also be detected in several brain regions of patients with Alzheimer s disease. For the determination in biological materials the most widely used method is GF-AAS. 

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