Diallyl phthalate properties

Properties of two diallyl phthalate monomers, are given in Table 5. The Hquids are soluble in common organic solvents but insoluble in water. 

Diallyl isophthalate (DAIP), 2 258, 261 physical properties of, 2 258t thermoset molding properties of, 2 262t Diallyl phthalates (DAP), 2 258-263 20 110 copolymerization, 2 259-260 Diallyl terephthalate (DATP), 2 259 DIALOG file, 18 246 DIALOG OneSearch, 18 244 -dial suffix, 2 58 Dialysate, 26 814, 815 composition of, 26 817 Dialysis. See also Hemodialysis alternative modes of, 26 832-833 requirements for adequate, 26 821-822 treatment time and frequency of, 26 833-834... 

Rozman etal. (1997b) reacted wood flour with maleic anhydride (MA) and mixed the modified wood with diallyl phthalate in the presence of BPO. The mixture was then hot-pressed to form well-consolidated boards. Reaction of the wood resulted in significant increases in MOE, MOR and impact toughness of boards, compared to composites made from unmodified wood flour. It was considered that the improved properties arose due to the grafting of the diallyl phthalate monomers on to the double bond of the covalently linked maleic moieties (Figure 6.5). 

Allylic plastics, which are produced by the polymerization of diallyl phthalate, have high heat deflection temperatures and high strengths. These cross-linked polyesters have solvent- and corrosion-resistant properties similar to those cited for alkyds. The properties of allylic plastics are shown in Table 15.3. 

Some of the common types of plastics that are used are thermoplastics, such as poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) (see POLYMERS CONTAINING SULFUR), nylons, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), the polyesters (qv) such as polyesters that are 30% glass-fiber reinforced, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyetherimide (PEI) and thermosets such as diallyl phthalate and phenolic resins (qv). Because of the wide variety of manufacturing processes and usage requirements, these materials are available in several variations which have a range of physical properties. 

Phenolic, Melamine, and Urea. The phenolics are heavily commercialized thermosetting materials that find their way into many applications. They have an excellent combination of physical strength and high-temperature resistance. They have good electrical properties and dimensional stability. Like epoxies and diallyl phthalate, phenolic resins are often found to contain fillers and reinforcement. 

Whereas monoallyl derivatives sdeld thermoplastic polymers, allyl esters containing two or more unsaturated groups yield thermosetting resins. Thus, monoallyl esters of unsaturated acids, e.g., allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl crotonate, and allyl itaconate, and diallyl esters of dibasic acids, e.g., diallyl oxalate, diallyl phthalate, and diallyl itaconate, yield thermoset resins, which generally combine solvent resistance, toughness, hardness, transparency, and heat resistance. The cross-linking tendency of the allyl esters makes them useful in copolymerization wherein they impart these properties to normally linear polymers. 

Other thermosetting polymers are cyanate esters (CEs), benzoxazines, PU acrylates, bismaleimides (BMIs), dicy-clopentadienes (DCPDs), diallyl phthalates (DAPs), etc. Formulations based on these polymers are used for specific applications where their particular properties are required. For example, DAP has long been the material of choice for electrical components where long-term reliability is required. 

A limitation is, however, encountered with Noryl resins indeed, because PS is a very brittle material, their impact strength decreases when the percentage of PS is raised [37]. To circumvent this problem, rubbers are added to Noryl resins to increase the toughness [39]. Thanks to the exceptional blending properties of PPO , numerous mixed materials have been developed, for instance, with diallyl phthalates, polysulfone, acrylates, coumarone-indene, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [39]. It has also been shown that PPO could be blended with styrene-butadiene block copolymers, hence allowing to expand the temperature of use of the resulting materials [40]. Accordingly, the combination of various... 

Reinforced plastics are composites in which a resin is combined with a reinforcing agent to improve one or more properties of the resin matrix. The resin may be either thermosetting or thermoplastic. Typical thermosetting resins used in RPs include unsaturated polyester, epoxy, phenolic, melamine, silicone, alkyd, and diallyl phthalate. In the field of reinforced thermoplastics (RTFs), virtually every type of thermoplastic material can be, and has been, reinforced and commercially molded. The more popular grades include nylon, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyporpylene, polyethylene, acetal, PVC, ABS, styrene-acrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, and thermoplastic polyesters. 

All TP or TS matrix property can be improved or changed to meet varying requirements by using reinforcements. Typical thermoplastics used include TP polyesters, polyethylenes (PEs), nylons (polyamides/ PAs), polycarbonates (PCs), TP polyurethanes (PURs), acrylics (PMMAs), acetals (polyoxymethylenes/POMs), polypropylenes (PPs), acrylonitrile butadienes (ABSs), and fluorinated ethylene propylenes (FEPs). The thermoset plastics include TS polyesters (unsaturated polyesters), epoxies (EPs), TS polyurethanes (PURs), diallyl phthalates (DAPs), phenolics (phenol formaldehydes/PFs), silicones (Sis), and melamine formaldehydes (MFs). RTSs predominate for the high performance applications with RTFs fabricating more products. The RTPs continue to expand in the electronic, automotive, aircraft, underground pipe, appliance, camera, and many other products. 

Styrene is the most common monomer used in crosslinking unsaturated polyesters. When special properties are required, other monomers like methyl methacrylate may be employed. Sometimes this is done in combination with styrene. Diallyl phthalate and triallyl cyanurate form better heat-resistant products. 

Diallyl phthalate resins n. Laminating resin prepared by free radical polymerization of diallyl phthalate. The polymer is highly cross-linked, with good thermal stability and retention of electrical properties under conditions of wet and dry heat. 

Table 2.10. Other monomers, in conjunction with polystyrene, such as alpha methyl styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl toluene, diallyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate, divinyl benzene, and chlorostyrene, can be blended to achieve specific property enhancements. The reactivity of the polyester used, as well as the configuration of the product, affect the choice of systems.

Some polymerizable esters can be used as a copolymerizable internal plasticizer in technical applications. The best known of the group is diallyl phthalate (DAP), which is used to replace styrene, divinyl benzene, or methyl methacrylate in unsaturated polyester resins. It has a very low vapour pressure (300°C boiling point), leading to significant reduction in loss through evaporation. It considerably improves properties such as hardness, chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, electrical properties, and product life. It is particularly used in electrical applications, can be employed (after suitable preparation) in cold-cure systems, and shows high affinity to glass fibre. DAP can also be used as a reactive plasticizer with PVC resins. 

Styrene is the most widely used cross-linking monomer, being preferred because of its compatibility, low viscosity, ease of use and low price. Other materials are sometimes employed when special properties are required. For example, methyl methacrylate is used, often in conjunction with styrene, for the preparation of translucent sheeting. Diallyl phthalate (X) and triallyl cyanurate (XI) are used for heat resistant products. Partially polymerized diallyl phthalate (solid) is used as the cross-linking agent in moulding powders (the so-called alkyd polyester moulding powders) based on linear unsaturated polyesters. 

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