Hemagglutination test

Positive history of exposure and use of serology indirect hemagglutination test, ELISA (Chagas EIA, Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL), and complement fixation (CF) test. 

Diagnostic procedures include dark-field microscopy12, non-treponemal exams10 (i.e., the Venereal Disease Laboratory and the rapid plasma reagin test), and treponemal exams (i.e., enzyme immunoassay, the T. pallidum hemagglutination test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). 

Paxillus syndrome is a food allergy, not a true poisoning. As a consequence, some who eat the mushrooms will not develop symptoms. Symptoms may include colic, vomiting, diarrhea, oliguria or anuria, kidney pain, hemoglobinuria, and renal failure. A hemagglutination test has been used for confirmation (Bresinsky and Besl, 1990). 

Elliott and Emmons (1971) described a passive indirect hemagglutination test, and a corresponding inhibition test for measuring residual chymosin in cheese. They also produced high titer antisera for E. parasitica protease and M. pusillus protease, and suggested that these enzymes could also by quantitatively detected in cheese. 

Elliott, J. A. and Emmons, D. B. 1971. Rennin detection in cheese with the passive indirect hemagglutination test. Can. Inst. Food Tech. J. 4, 16-18. 

Forerunners of nonisotopic immunoassay had already appeared before radioimmunoassay was developed. For example, nephelometry is based on precipitation, which is known as the classical immune reaction, and the ideas of particle immunoassay and viroimmunoassay seem to have developed from the hemagglutination test. The principles of enzyme and fluorescence immunoassay had already been used as enzyme and fluorescence antibody techniques in histochemical analysis. In 1971, two groups reported use of an enzyme immunoassay (E5, V2). Leute et al. reported spin immunoassay, which has spurred recent development of nonisotopic immunoassays (L5). 

Hemagglutination tests are generally conducted at room temperature by adding a drop of a 2 to 3% erythrocyte suspension to tubes or wells containing serially diluted lectin. After incubation for 1.5-2 h, the... 

Serial dilutions of the patient s serum are used to establish a Tg antibody titer. The reported result is the highest dilution that causes agglutination. Titers are usually considered negative at a less than 1 10 dilution ratio. This hemagglutination test is not highly specific, and about 5% to 10%... 

Table 4. Results of skin and hemagglutination tests in 15 patients allergic to phenylbutazone and 15 healthy controls, with a phenylbutazone-BSA conjugate...

M. Azori, Z. Veres, G. Denes, and F. Tiidds, Contribution to physiological properties of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-alt-maleic acid), toxicity and hemagglutination tests, J. Bioact. Compat. Polym., 5, 305-309,1990. 

Flavolipin was found to be more active than ornithine-containing lipids in the hemagglutination test the activity was observed at concentrations lower than 1 pg per milliliter (75). 

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