Diagnosis accuracy

Combined Distance Discriminant Combining the information available in scores and residuals usually improves the diagnosis accuracy [206]. Comparing the combined information to the confidence limits of each fault model, X is most likely to be from the fault model i with minimum... 

Though 33 cases among 36 cases show the robustness of 0, three cases (1, 15, and 28) detect a variable independent to the true solution in short periods. This wrong detection is due to that smaller CUSUM parameters than necessary were used. In order to prevent wrong detection, CUSUM parameters are doubled for the diagnosis. With the new parameters, the wrong detection of two cases is not occurred. And, fault detection for most cases is delayed for 5-30 s. However, diagnosis accuracy and resolution for 33 cases are not effected to be same with the previous parameters. 

This study is about the fault diagnosis by the hybrid method of qualitative model-based method and quantitative history data-based method. The diagnosis is performed by the observation of measured value and predicted value by DPLS model built on the local causal relationships of SDG The proposed method has the advantages to improve diagnosis accuracy and resolution, and facilitate diagnosis of masked multiple-fault. 

Using clinical and emergency CT findings, the TOAST investigators found that their initial designation of subtype of stroke matched the final diagnosis in only 62% of patients. No subtype of stroke was more accurately diagnosed than another by initial assessment. In a series of 100 consecutive stroke patients, the accuracy of the initial classification was reported as 1Q% ... 

Madden KP, Karanjia PN, Adams HP, Clarke WR. Accuracy in initial stroke subtype diagnosis in the TOAST study. Nuerology 1995 45 1975-1979. 

Toni D, Del Duca R, FiorelU M, Sacchetti ML, Bastianello S, Giubilei F, Martinazzo C, Argentino C. Pure motor hemiparesis and sensorimotor stroke accuracy of very early clinical diagnosis of lacunar strokes. Stroke 1994 25(l) 92-96. 

Early diagnosis of skin cancer is the key to improved prognosis. Diagnostic accuracy and clinical skills are two essential factors in the appropriate management of skin cancer. On presentation to a clinician s office, patients may offer a history of a new growth or an area of irritation. Conversely, the skin cancer may have been present for years undetected by the patient. The definitive diagnosis of any suspected cutaneous malignancy should be confirmed by a biopsy prior to treatment. 

Compound B (PIB) which demonstrates AP amyloid burden in vivo. This brain penetrant nC-labeled uncharged thioflavin derivative binds to A[3 with high affinity [16]. The PET patterns of labeled PIB are interpreted to reflect the A[3 burden in the brain [ 16]. In comparison with controls, subjects with AD show marked retention of label in several areas of brain that usually accumulate amyloid. This approach should eventually prove useful for enhancing accuracy of diagnosis and should allow assessment of the efficacies of new anti-amyloid therapeutics. Further details of brain imaging are found in Ch. 58. 

No test has demonstrated reliable accuracy in the clinical setting for diagnosis of disseminated Candida infection. Blood cultures are positive in only 25% to 45% of neutropenic patients with disseminated candidiasis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has excellent sensitivity and specificity in the identification of C. albicans from blood. 

Dijkhuizen FP, Brolmann HA, Potters AE, Bongers MY, Heintz AP (1996) The accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol 87 345-349... 

Error caused by recombination is not a factor, so diagnostic accuracy is potentially higher than in indirect diagnosis. 

While methods validation and accuracy testing considerations presented here have been frequently discussed in the literature, they have been included here to emphasize their importance in the design of a total quality control protocol. The Youden two sample quality control scheme has been adapted for continuous analytical performance surveillance. Methods for graphical display of systematic and random error patterns have been presented with simulated performance data. Daily examination of the T, D, and Q quality control plots may be used to assess analytical performance. Once identified, patterns in the quality control plots can be used to assist in the diagnosis of a problem. Patterns of behavior in the systematic error contribution are more frequent and easy to diagnose. However, pattern complications in both error domains are observed and simultaneous events in both T and D plots can help to isolate the problems. Point-by-point comparisons of T and D plots should be made daily (immediately after the data are generated). Early detection of abnormal behavior reduces the possibility that large numbers of samples will require reanalysis. 

According to chnico-pathological studies, the diagnosis of probable AD can be made with an accuracy of about 85% while the diagnosis of definite AD stiU relies on post mortem neu-ropathological proof, apart from the rare case where a brain biopsy can be performed. A more sensitive and accurate diagnostic method, which should also be non-invasive, would be highly desirable [2]. 

Definitive diagnosis comes at a cost. QA/QC expenses, regulatory expenses, and patent royalty expenses are high, as are supply costs for consumables, reagents, and test kits. Morever, the equipment required for assay and result delivery and accuracy can be expensive. In the sections that follow, an outline of how these costs are calculated is provided and an effort is made to flesh out a difficult area to quantify. Generally, test costs, neglecting administration and overhead, can be... 

Diagnosis of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by stable isotope dilution analysis of urinary acylglycines retrospective and prospective studies, and comparison of its accuracy to acylcamitine identification by FAB/mass spectrometry. 

Improved PCK/NcoI method for the molecular diagnosis of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency using dried blood samples two-stage amplification using two different sets of primers improves accuracy and sensitivity. 

Imaging modalities play an even more important role in the setting of suspected recurrence of colorectal cancer. Around 30% of the patients with recurrence within 2 years of initial diagnosis appear to have limited recurrent disease, but only 25% of them are actually curable by surgery [9]. At surgery, up to 75% of the patients reveal to have non-resectable disease due to distant metastases or widespread disease [10,11]. In order to decrease the number of futile surgeries, it is essential to improve the accuracy of preoperative detection of recurrent disease. 

Inaccurate laboratory measurements can mean wrong medical diagnosis and treatment, lost production time, wasted energy and materials, manufacturing rejects, and product liability. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology and national standards laboratories around the world distribute Standard Reference Materials, such as metals, chemicals, rubber, plastics, engineering materials, radioactive substances, and environmental and clinical standards that can be used to test the accuracy of analytical procedures.1... 

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