Determination available lime

Determination of available lime or free CaO in industrial lime or in milk of lime or determination of caustic value of agricultural lime iodi-metrically... 

Determination of available lime (after extraction with sucrose solution) with standard acid... 

Fig. 5. Commercially available pressing times and relative molecular weights for PF OSB resins [109,110]. Note that the molecular weight values are made relative to fit the scale. The pressing times are for 3/4-inch OSB in s/mm. The coefficient of determination between relative molecular weight and cycle lime is 0.96.

Soil pH is easily tested for and determines the availability of nutrients and the success of white clover. Very acid soils (below pH 5.0) will cause a deficiency of the trace elements iron, boron, copper and molybdenum and conversely will cause injury to plant growth by increasing the availability of aluminium and manganese to toxic levels. Over-liming, on the other hand, which can raise the pH above 6.5, will reduce the availability of certain essential elements such as phosphorus, manganese and boron. 

The choice of selected raw materials is very wide, but they must provide calcium oxide (lime), iron oxide [1309-37-1/, silica, and aluminum oxide (alumina). Examples of the calcereous (calcium oxide) sources are calcium carbonate minerals (aragonite [14791-73-2]y calcite [13397-26-7]> limestone [1317-65-3]y or marl), seashells, or shale. Examples of argillaceous (silica and alumina) sources are clays, fly ash, marl, shale, and sand. The iron oxide commonly comes from iron ore, days, or mill scale. Some raw materials supply more than one ingredient, and the mixture of raw materials is a function of their chemical composition, as determined by cost and availability. 

Evacuated blood tubes may be made of soda-lime or borosflicate glass or plastic (polyethylene terephthalate). Because of the decreased likelihood of breakage and hence exposure to infectious materials, many laboratories have converted from glass tubes to plastic tubes. Tubes made from the soda-lime glass may release trace elements, particularly calcium and magnesium, into solutions. Special tubes are available for trace element determination (Table 2-2). 

The least-squares procedure just described is an example of a univariate calibration procedure because only one response is used per sample. The proccs.s of relating tiiulliple instrument responses to an analyte or a mixture of analytes is known as multivariate calihnt-lion. Multivariate calibration methods have become quite popular in recent years as new- instruments become available that produce multidimensional responses (absorbance of several samples at multiple wavelengths, mass spectrum of chroniaiographically separated components, etc.). Multivariate calibration methods are very powerful. They can he used to simultaneously determine multiple components in mixtures and can provide redundancy in measurements to im-proNc precision because repeating a measurement N limes provides a vN improvement in the precision of ilie menu value (see. Appendix I.. Sccli< n al IM). They can also be u.scd to delect the presence of interferences that would not he ideniilied in a univariate calibration. 

Instruments. similar lo the i-S I A T bedside monitor have been available for some lime lor in vitro poien-lionieiric determination of vara)us analytes in biomedical and hiolouical svslcnis. In recent vears. there... 

Six field experiments were conducted in four southeastern states over a 3-year period to determine the responses of soybeans to Mo applications at several soil pH values (Anderson and Mortvedt, 1982). Soybean yields were increased by Mo application rates (as Na2Mo04) up to 800 g ha on relatively acid soils. Soybean yields also were increased by liming soils whose pH values were less than 5.7, with the highest yields occurring near pH 6.0. Yield responses were more closely related to soil pH than to the available soil Mo concentrations. 

Because Mo availability in a soil is largely determined by soil pH (Lindsay, 1972), liming is a means of alleviating Mo deficiency. Figure... 

Triticum aestivum L.) and oats Avena sativa L.) were 1.9 mg kg" and l.Omgkg- . The contents of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), and Mo in various Chilean soils and crops were determined by Gonzalez, Raez, and Lachica (1988) normal amounts of Mo were found in plants grown on desert soils, alluvial soils, and volcanic ash. Acidic peat soils are widely distributed in Southeast Asia. More than 20 million hectares of peat soils are located in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand alone (Dent, 1986). Molybdenum availability in those soils was shown to increase with increases in pH up to 4.7, but it decreased with increases in pH above 4.7 as a result of excessive lime application to those soils. 

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