Fungal deterioration

Fungal and bacterial deterioration are identified as microbiological and have always caused problems to materials. Fungal attack on plastics has received a great deal of attention beginning with the early days of World War II, when the tropical theaters served to focus attention on the overall problem of materials deterioration. 

Since oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis are signs of immunocompromise, the immune status of the patient should be considered in the therapeutic care plan. For HIV-infected patients, this should also include an evaluation of the patient s antiretroviral therapy since fungal infections may represent deterioration in immune status. 

Resistance to fungal deterioration was improved by treatment with the resin, although full decay protection was not observed, contrasting with the studies of Videlov (1989). 

Concurrent puimonary conditions Atovaquone is not effective therapy for concurrent pulmonary conditions such as bacterial, viral, or fungal pneumonia or mycobacterial diseases. Clinical deterioration in patients may be due to infections with other pathogens, as well as progressive PCP. 

Prolonged storage results in flavor deterioration, drying and fungal growth. A stiff citrus flavored pectin gel applied... 

To prevent growth of wood-inhabiting fungi it is customary to treat wood with chemicals which are toxic to fungi. To pro-tect wood in service from deterioration by decay fungi, the chemicals, called wood preservatives, are applied in most cases by pressure treatment because deep penetration into the wood is essential. Wood products intended for use where the decay hazard is low are unlikely to require pressure treatment but in many instances may require superficial fungicidal treatment to prevent fungal discoloration. 

Uses Thiram is a dimethyl dithiocarbamate compound and appears as a white to yellow crystalline powder with a characteristic odor. Thiram is used to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Thiram also is used as a seed protectant and to protect fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf crops from a variety of fungal diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water-dispersible granules, water suspension formulations, and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sunscreen, and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.17,50,52... 

Filley, T.R. (2003) Assessment of fungal wood decay by lignin analysis using tetra-methylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and 13-labelled TMAH thermochemolysis. In Wood Deterioration and Preservation Advances in Our Changing World (Goodell, T., Nicholas, A., and Schultz, C., eds.), pp. 119-139, ACSociety, Series 845, American chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

The safety and efficacy of low dose ABLC (1 mg/kg/day) for empirical treatment of fever and nentropenia have been studied in 69 episodes in 61 patients with hematological malignancies (35). The median duration of therapy was 8 (range 2-19) days and 13 patients had mUd to moderate infusion-related adverse events. Creatinine concentrations remained stable in 42 cases, improved in 9, and deteriorated in 18. There were no other toxic effects. The response rate (resolution of fever dnring neutropenia and absence of invasive fungal infection) was 67%. 

We have used the terms decomposition and degradation to refer to the conversion of one or more of the structural polymers of wood to simpler molecules. Degradation can also be used to mean deterioration, i.e., to decrease the value of wood for some use we have used only deterioration in this narrower sense. Decay and rot refer to the fungal decomposition of wood. 

Time interval between harvest and oil processing negatively affects the phenol content [32]. Storage, even at low temperature is also detrimental to the quality of oil since chilling causes injury to olives and deterioration occurs due to fungal growth [34]. 

The initial water content of the fresh material is about 80%, and this needs to be reduced to about 12% or less to minimize deterioration due to rotting and fungal attack during handling and storage. The dried material is checked for moisture content by bending a root - if it is sufficiently dry, it will break, but will be flexible and merely bend if it needs further drying. 

---