Inductively coupled plasma detectors

Measurements. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements were performed by using C18 column with a Shimadzu LC-9A and SPD-6A (UV spectrophotometric detector). Gas chromatography (GC) measurements were performed by using a OV 101 colunm with Simadzu GC-7A with a flame ionization detector. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometric measurements were carried out by using a SII SPS1500VR plasma Spectrometer. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a JASCO FTIR-8100 Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL FX-90Q NMR spectrometer and homo J-resolved NMR spectra and homonuclear... 

A novel interface to connect a ce system with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (icpms) detector has been developed (88). The interface was built using a direct injection nebulizer (din) system. The ce/din/icpms system was evaluated using samples containing selected alkah, alkaline earths, and heavy-metal ions, as well as selenium (Se(IV) and Se(VI)), and various inorganic and organic arsenic species. The preliminary results show that the system can be used to determine metal species at ppt to ppb level. 

The most common detectors in HPLC are ultraviolet, fluorescence, electrochemical detector and diffractometer. However, despite all improvements of these techniques it seems necessary to have a more selectivity and sensitivity detector for the purposes of the medical analysis. It should be therefore improvements to couple analytical techniques like infrared IR, MS, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), inductively coupled plasma-MS (ICP-MS) or biospecific detectors to the LC-system and many efforts have been made in this field. 

Multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) combines sector-field ICPMS with a multiple collector detector system and has recently emerged as an alternative to TIMS for precise U-Th isotope measurement. The full potential of MC-ICPMS has yet to be realized. Yet despite this, its performance in high precision isotope measurement already challenges and, in some cases, surpasses that ever achieved by TIMS (e.g., Lee and Halliday 1995 Blichert-Toft and Albarede 1997). 

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Basic Concepts, Instrumental Aspects, Applications and Trends. By A. Benninghoven, F. G. Ruenauer, and H.W.Werner Analytical Applications of Lasers. Edited by Edward H. Piepmeier Applied Geochemical Analysis. By C. O. Ingamells and F. F. Pitard Detectors for Liquid Chromatography. Edited by Edward S.Yeung Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy Part 1 Methodology, Instrumentation, and Performance Part II Applications and Fundamentals. Edited by J. M. Boumans... 

Bloxam et al. [482] used liquid chromatography with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detector in speciation studies on ppt levels of mercury in seawater. 

Five different detectors are common in HPLC (1) UV, (2) refractive index (RI), (3) conductivity, (4) inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and (5) mass spectrometry. A UV detector passes a specific wavelength of UV light... 

FIA star 5010 Modular, semi- or fully automatic operation. May be operated with process controller microprocessor. Can be set up in various combinations with 5017 sampler and superflow software which is designed to run on IBM PC/XT computer 60-180 samples h Dialysis for in-line sample preparation and in-line solvent extraction.Thermostat to speed up reactions. Spectrophotometer (400-700nm) or photometer can be connected to any flow through detector, e.g. UV/visible, inductively coupled plasma, atomic absorption spectrometer and ion-selective electrodes... 

Figure 2.9 Inductively coupled plasma detection of diaminodichloroplatinum(n). Conditions column, Shodex OH, 25 cm x 4.1 mm i.d. eluent, 0.01 m phosphoric acid flow rate, 1 ml min-1 detector, emission at platinum line 265.9 nm. Samples cis and trans diaminodichloroplatinums. The second peaks are considered to be their oligomers.

These vitamers are UV absorbers, but their detection is complicated by the low level present in foods and the low sensitivity of this detector. Other detectors, like flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma (1CP)-MS, may be applied, but without much increase in sensitivity. 

Recently, Hieftje et al.15-16 equipped a small double-focusing mass spectrograph built in house with Mattauch-Herzog geometry with several ion sources (such as glow discharge, an inductively coupled plasma ion source or a microwave plasma torch) and a novel array detector for simultaneous ion detection. 

Transient signals are typically obtained in atomic spectrometry when samples are introduced by flow injection techniques or when the spectrometer is used as an element-specific detector in hyphenated techniques. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has nowadays become the detection technique of choice for multielement-specific detection in speciation as it allows multielemental... 

L. Ebdon, M. Foulkes and K. O Hanlon, Optimised simultaneous multielement analysis of environmental slurry samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using a segmented array charge-coupled device detector. Anal. Chim. Acta, 311, 1995, 123-134. 

A. Woller, H. Garraud, J. Boisson, A. M. Dorthe, P. Fodor and O. F. X. Donard, Simultaneuous speciation of redox species of arsenic and selenium using an anion-exchange microbore column coupled with a micro-concentric nebuliser and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as detector, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 13, 1998, 141-149. 

S. Euan, H. Pang and R. S. Houk, Application of generalized standard additions method to inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy with an echelle spectrometer and segmented-array charge-coupled detectors, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 50(8), 1995, 791-801. 

Color Plate 23 Polychromator for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer with One Detector for Each Element (Section 21-4) Light emitted by a sample in the plasma enters the polychromator at the right and is dispersed into its component wavelengths by grating at the bottom of the diagram. Each different emission wavelength (shown schematically by colored lines) is diffracted at a different angle and directed to a different photomultiplier detector on the focal curve. Each detector sees only one preselected element, and all elements are measured simultaneously. [Courtesy TJA Solutions, Franklin, MA.J... 

Atomic emission spectroscopy can be employed, generally with an inductively coupled plasma for thermal excitation. The sample is introduced into the plasma as a mist of ultrafine droplets, and the monochromator and detector are set to measure the intensity of an atomic emission line characteristic of the element. This technique is powerful, general, sensitive, linear, and able to measure over 70 elements, and, as a result, is widely used. Response is typically linear over four orders of magnitude in concentration with relative standard deviations of 1 to 3%. In low-salt aqueous solutions, detection limits range from 10 to 1000 nanomolar without preconcentration. Significant problems with saline samples remain, but use of Babington nebulizers alleviates these problems somewhat. 

A 9 mL aliquot from each TIMS sample solution was submitted to the University of Georgia, Laboratory for Environmental Analysis, for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis (ICP-MS). A Perkin-Elmer Elan 6000 ICP-MS with quadrapole chamber mass detector system was used to analyze the solution for Ag, As, Cu, Sb, Sn, Pb, and Zn. Insufficient sample remained for further analysis or replicate samples. However, all appropriate blanks, dilutions, and standards were run. 

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