Detector applications

This module describes the principles of radiation detection, detector operation, circuit operation, and specific radiation detector applications. 

A further group of interesting experiments to be done is related to the double acceptors Cd and Hg. Crystals doped with these impurities have been used for infrared detector applications and the hole binding energies of the neutral species are well known. It would be interesting to explore the electronic and the real space structure of A(Cd,H) and A(Hg,H) if they can be formed. 

In this final section, we summarize the operation and characteristics of the principal vacuum tube and solid state detectors that are available for red/near-IR fluorescence studies. These include conventional photomultipliers, microchannel plate versions, streak cameras, and various types of photodiodes. Detector applicability to both steady-state and time-resolved studies will be considered. However, emphasis will be placed on photon counting capabilities as this provides the ultimate sensitivity in steady-state fluorescence measurements as well as permitting lifetime studies. 

Volume 43 Semiconductors for Room Temperature Nuclear Detector Applications... 

J Becart, C Chevalier, JP Biesse. Quantitative analysis of phospholipids by HPLC with a light scattering evaporating detector—application to raw materials for cosmetic use. J High Resol Chrom 13 126-129, 1990. 

Li, M. X. Wu, J. T. Parus, S. Lubman, D. M. 1998. Development of a three-dimensional topographic map display for capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry with an ion trap/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer detector applications to tryptic digests of isoforms of myelin basic protein. ./. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 9,701-709. 

Although the pressures that are monitored vary slightly depending on the details of facility design, all pressure detectors are used to provide up to three basic functions indication, alarm, and control. Since the fluid system may operate at both saturation and subcooled conditions, accurate pressure indication must be available to maintain proper cooling. Some pressure detectors have audible and visual alarms associated with them when specified preset limits are exceeded. Some pressure detector applications are used as inputs to protective features and control functions. 

S. Nyarady, R. Barkley, et al., Redox chemiluminescence detector application to gas chromatography, Anal. Chem., 37 2074-2079... 

Solid-State Track Detectors Applications to Nuclear Science... 

The most common medium for detector cooling is liquid nitrogen, however, recent advances in electrical cooling systems have made electrically refrigerated cryostats a viable alternative for many detector applications. 

Small columns Uses existing equipment Minimizes investment Saves eluent Runs with current software Limited time savings Needs method adaption Optimization of injection volumes detection systems Shear degradation Low efficiency Needs training Limited throughput increase Low-resolution applications Low time-saving requirements Single detector applications... 

In this paper we will concentrate on the detector applications of cases (1) - (3), while briefly discussing our preliminary work involving case (4). 

Detector Application Sensitivity Range Linearity Remarks... 

The antimonides are important for several emitter and detector applications, although high speed devices also have been demonstrated for these material systems. A variety of substrates such as GaAs, InP, GaSb and InAs are available. By varying the composition, the near-IR to mid-IR wavelengths can be covered. Through the use of strained layer quantum well structures, the far IR becomes accessible. 

It is beyond the scope of this book to review all detectors applicable to FIA and to specify in any detail the requirements for their performance characteristics. They are indeed many (cf. Table 7.1) and their number is steadily increasing. Most recently, besides detectors that we know from classical instrumental analysis, a new breed of sensors, such as transis-... 

Detector Application/ selectivity Limit of detection [g/s] Linearity Comments... 

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