Monitoring and Detection

A review and methods for the use of epilithic diatoms for detecting and monitoring changes in river water quality, 1993... 

One area where MWD would be most useful is drilling safety and, particularly, early gas kick detection and monitoring. Conventional kick monitoring is based on pit gain measurements and all other available surface indication such as drilling rate break, injection pressure variation, etc. 

Security patrol and guarding is only satisfactory if properly managed and controlled with trained guards and complemented by electronic detection and monitoring equipment. The guards would generally be available to react to the unexpected, and should be well briefed as to responsibility and how to obtain help as well as how to deal with any type of unexpected situation. 

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is used to assess a component or structure during its operational lifetime. Radiography, ultrasonics, eddy currents, acoustic emissions, and other methods are used to detect and monitor flaws that develop during operation (Chapter 7). 

Brandon RW. 1983. The use of chemically impregnated paper tapes for toxic gas detection and monitoring. Anal Chem Symp Ser 17 726-731. 

There is an increasing interest in the development of electrochemical sensors and microsensors for detecting and monitoring NO or N02, due to their importance in clinical and environmental analysis. It has been suggested that transition metal electrocatalysts active for NO or N02 coordination and reduction could be exploited for the development of metal-complex film electrodes for N02 and NO sensing. However, most of the sensory devices reported so... 

If appropriate analytical protocols are developed, LIBS will have a place in the field of gem analysis to detect and monitor chemical treatments in the gem trade industry. 

APD 2000 A portable, hand-held chemical detection and monitoring device that detects chemical warfare agents, recognizes pepper spray and Mace, and identifies hazardous compounds. 

Implementing a leak detection and monitoring program to detect future... 

Driven u 25 M detected borehole variable due to friction of auger depth limited inexpensive No sampling capability quick and easy method to detect and monitor shallow fluid levels... 

Spin trapping is an often-used technique in the study of possible radical production in biological systems (for reviews see Kalyanaraman, 1982 Mason, 1984 Mottley and Mason, 1989), particularly by the detection and monitoring of spin adducts of the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl ( OOH) radicals in view of their relation to possible damage mechanisms. This is a large area of research which it is not possible to cover in a limited review, and the treatment will therefore be restricted to a discussion of the electron transfer properties of biochemical systems (for a review on the application of the Marcus theory to reactions between xenobiotics and redox proteins, see Eberson, 1985) and... 

The main radiopharmaceuticals labelled with fluorine-18, routinely prepared ([2-i F] fluorodeoxyglucose [ F]FDG [26-28], [i F]fluoro-L-DOPA [29], [i F]altanserin [30, 31], [ F]setoperone [32]) are presented with their uses in Table 2. For comparison, the most common tracers labelled with carbon-11 (methionine [33], palmitic acid [34], flumazenil (RO 15.1788) [35], PK 11195 [36], raclopride [37], deprenyl [38], Way-100635 [39], McN-5652Z [40], CGP 12177 [41]) are shown in Table 3. By far, [ F]FDG is the most widely studied, particularly in oncology for the diagnosis of tumours, detection of sub-clinical diseases, assessment of therapy responses, and detection of recurrence. F-Steroids [42], F-proteins or peptides, or F-labelled tissue specific agents have also been synthesized for the detection and monitoring of various malignancies [43]. 

Susceptible cultivars of most of these plants develop severe leaf injury when exposed to 2 to 5 pphm of ozone for 1 to 4 hr. This level of ozone is very common in urban areas and so are symptoms of ozone injury. However, such symptoms have also been reported from plants growing in such rural states as Maine and South Dakota. Even when no obvious injury can be seen, plants exposed to low levels of ozone may not grow as well or yield as much as plants growing in air free of ozone. On some plants, e.g., spinach, the symptoms of ozone injury are quite distinctive consequently, plants like these are being used in some places to detect and monitor air pollution. 

Detect and Monitor Established Heart Failure or Ischemia... 

The detection and monitoring of bromine is important in various fields of application. In industrial processes, bromine is employed, for example, for the desulfurization of flue gas and an on-line detector enables the process to be optimized. The presence of bromine in the atmosphere has been implicated in processes such as ozone depletion, [145] and devices for monitoring the release of bromine and bromine derivatives are desirable. Bromide monitoring is of interest in industrial contexts, photographic developers, environmental, and in medical samples. 

Production Gas Detection Instruments. A family of portable instruments has been developed for the detection and monitoring of CO levels in air (7 > The instrument family consists of a direct reading detector with LCD display of actual CO concentration and a personal CO dosimeter. Both the detector and the dosimeter measure the accumulated CO exposure of personnel in industrial environments and provide both visible and audible alarms if instantaneously unsafe levels of CO are encountered. An accompanying support console is used for integrated cumulative CO dosage readout and battery charging. 

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. PBDEs also accumulate in adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk of the general population due to their lipophilic characteristics. Concentrations of PBDEs in breast milk are useful, non-invasive markers of maternal body burdens and of in utero and lactational exposures, but body burden assessments are limited by a lack of time-trend data for PBDEs in tlie milk of U.S. populations (Hooper and McDonald 2000). Breast milk monitoring programs are needed to provide time-trend data and to verify findings that PBDE levels have been exponentially increasing in breast milk during the past 25 years (Noren and Meironyte 1998, 2000). Studies on the predictive value of levels of PBDEs in scrum and adipose tissue could provide useful infonnation for detection and monitoring of exposure. 

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