Destructive distillation of pine

Derivation By destructive distillation of pine wood, especially Pinus palustris. 

Derivation Steam-distillation of the turpentine gum exuded from living pine trees (gum turpentine), naphtha-extraction of pine stumps (wood turpentine), destructive distillation of pine wood. 

Figure 3B.1 Destructive distillation of pine wood for naval stores.

There are three routes by which naval stores are produced. The oldest method is the tapping of living trees to cause a flow of oleoresin. The second method is removal of naval stores by solvent extraction. The latter process now has replaced steam distillation as a means of recovering turpentine. In the United States, the latest and now the most important route is kraft (sulphate) pulping of pine, during which turpentine and tall oil are recovered as by-products of kraft pulp manufacture. A fourth process, no longer used in the United States, is recovery of turpentine and pine oils by the destructive distillation of pine wood. ... 

Limpricht,1 in 1873, prepared furan by heating barium 2-furancarboxylate with soda lime. It has since been prepared by the dry distillation of barium 2-furancarboxylate 2 in small amounts by distillation of calcium succinate 3 by the destructive distillation of resinous pine wood 4 by heating succinaldehyde with water at 1800 0 and by heating 2-furancarboxylic acid in a sealed tube.2... 

Pine Tar. A product obtained by destructive distillation of wood of Pinus palustris Mill., or other species ol pine, Pinaceae. 

CAS 8011-48-1 EINECS/ELINCS 232-374-8 Synonyms Pine tar Pinus Pinus palustris Pinus palustris tar Tar, pine Definition Prod, obtained by destructive distillation of the wood of the pine, Pinus palustris... 

Pine (Pinus palustris) tar CAS 8011-48-1 EINECS/ELINCS 232-374-8 Synonyms Pine tar Pinus Pinus palustris Pinus palustris tar Tar, pine Definition Prod, obtained by destructive distillation of the wood of the pine, Pinus paiustris Properties Dk. brn. to bik. sticky vise. liq. or semisolid strong odor sharp taste sol. in alcohol, acetone, fixed and volatile oils, sodium hydroxide sol n. si. sol. in water dens. 1.03-1.07 b.p. 240-400 C flash pt. (CC) 54.4 C hardens with aging Toxicoiogy TSCA listed Precaution Combustible fire risk subject to spontaneous heating... 

Like benzene, toluene was also discovered in the pyrolysis of a renewable raw material, by Pierre J. Pelletier and Philippe Walter in 1837, during investigations into the by-products from the manufacture of illumination gas from pine resin. The name is derived from the small harbor-town of Tolu in Columbia, where Tolu balsam is produced. Henri Saint-Claire Deville was the first to produce toluene by destructive distillation of this renewable raw material in 1838. 

Crude wood turpentine differs from normal turpentine primarily in that it contains additional terpenes, and terpene derivatives, t< ether with other non-terpene derivatives. In that obtained by the destructive distillation of longdeaf yellow pine, dipentene, pentane, pentene, toluene, heptine, etc., have been identified, in addition to pinene. 

The pyrolysis or carbonization of hardwoods, eg, beech, birch, or ash, in the manufacture of charcoal yields, in addition to gaseous and lighter liquid products, a by-product tar in ca 10 wt % yield. Dry distillation of softwoods, eg, pine species, for the production of the so-called DD (destructively distilled) turpentine yields pine tar as a by-product in about the same amount. Pine tar, also called Stockholm tar or Archangel tar, was at one time imported from the Baltic by European maritime countries for the treatment of cordage and ship hulls it was an important article of commerce from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The small amount produced in the late twentieth century is burned as a cmde fuel. Charcoal production from hardwoods, on the other hand, has increased in the 1990s years. 

Pine Oil. Yarmor. An oil from Pinus palustris Mill, and certain other species of pines, Plnaceae. It is obtained from pitch-soaked pine wood by steam distillation or solvent extraction followed by steam distillation and also by destructive distillation. It consists mainly of isomeric tertiary and secondary, cyclic terpene alcohols. 

Modes of Preparation.—By submitting to destructive distillation the wood of Pinu8 nylvegtria and other pines. 

Pine oil n. Colorless to amber colored volatile oil with characteristic pinaceous odor, consisting principally of isomeric tertiary and secondary cyclic terpene alcohols, with variable quantities of terpene hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, phenols and phenolic ethers, the amount and character of which depend on the source and method of manufacture. The four commercial kinds of pine oil are (1) Steam distilled pine oil. Obtained from pine wood by steam distillation or by solvent extraction followed by such distillation. (2) Destructively distilled pine oil. Obtained from the lighter distillate from the destructive distillation (carbonization) of pine wood. (3) Synthetic... 

Wood turpentine, stump turpentine, or wood spirits ot turpentine, as the product is variously bown, is turpentine oU made from cut pine, fir, or spruce, by distilling the wood in closed retorts. When pro-mrly refined it closely resembles gum spirits of turpentine, obtained by mstilling the oleo-resin exuding from the cut surface of the living tree. The turpentine made by distilling the wood with steam below a temperature of 150 C. more closely resembles gum spirits than that obtain by destructively distilling tbe wood. The latter is always contaminated with other oils derived from the breaking down of tbe wood and tbe resins which it contains. 

One of die commonest and most important of the hard resins is rosin, obtained by distilling the pitch, or turpentine, which is a product of several of the native pines of the southeastern United States. This rosin, also known as colophony, is a very important product of that region. Originally the turpentine was obtained by chopping a deep hollow in the base of the trunk of the tree and allowing it to fill up with the turpentine, which was then scooped out. This method was very destructive and wasteful, since much of the oleoresin, turpentine, was lost during the process. The weakened trees were easily blown down. 

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