Enzymes designer

Michel P.E., Gautier S.M., Blum L.J., A high-performance bioluminescent trienzymatic sensor for D-sorbitol based on a novel approach of the sensing layer design". Enzyme Microb. Technol. 1997 21(2) 108-116. 

R. Wolfenden, Conformational Aspects of Inhibitor Design Enzyme-Substrate Interactions in the Transition State , Bioorg Med. Chem. 1999, 7, 647-652... 

One possible route to design enzyme responsive agents is to synthesize paramagnetic inhibitors, whose binding to the active site of the protein can be signaled by the consequent relaxivity enhancement. An example of this approach has been provided by Anelli et al, who synthesized a linear Gd(III)... 

The first successes in using virus-like particles to carry new pieces of DNA into the cells to help correct these defects have been reported. Our ability to breed new varieties of plants and microorganisms has been enormously enhanced. We can foresee the production of artificially designed enzymes to conduct many industrial chemical processes. These are among the many reasons for the excitement today in the fields of nucleic acid chemistry and molecular genetics. 

J. S. Dordick, Designing enzymes for use in organic solvents, BiotechnoL Prog., 8 (1992) 259-267. 

The improvement of the carboligase reaction of PDCZ.m. is a further example for the potency of the rational approach in designing enzymes with... 

Accession designator Enzyme name Microorganism % Amino acid identity to atzA... 

The production of various half-finished products of petrochemical synthesis and liquid fuels from natural gas is the most important objective connected with the crude oil economy and the creation of highly effective chemical engineering processes. In this connection, investigations performed by the Sandra National Laboratory (USA) are of special interest. This company designs enzyme mimics for catalytic activation of low-molecular gaseous alkanes in liquid fuel production [74], Two directions of their activity should be outlined ... 

This new style of synthetic catalysis will of course not replace all normal synthetic methods. For many purposes, the standard methods and rules - e.g. aldehydes are more easily reduced than are ketones - will continue to dominate organic synthesis. However, when we require a synthetic transformation that is not accessible to normal procedures, as in the functionalization of unactivated carbons remote from functional groups, artificial enzymes can play a role. They must compete with natural enzymes, and with designed enzyme mutants, but for practical large-scale industrial synthesis there can be advantages with catalysts that are more rugged than proteins. 

Wolfenden R (1999) Conformational aspects of inhibitor design enzyme-substrate interactions in the transition state. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 7 647-652... 

The ability of enzyme manufacturers to design enzyme preparations and processes for specific food applications is limited only by the ability of the food processor to identify and communicate specific application needs to the enzyme manufacturers. 

In our view, genetic engineering of future enzymes for industrial uses should consider not only their catalytic properties, but also their potential for isolation and immobilization. Designing enzymes to allow selective, high affinity immobilization by adsorption on a relatively inexpensive matrix should greatly increase the attractiveness of enzyme bioreactor processes. 

We begin by discussing the general strategy for computation design of an enzyme. We describe the process apphed specifically to the design of an enzyme to catalyze a bimolecular Diels-Alder reaction and follow that with a discussion of the other designed enzymes. 

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