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Describing Risk

After risks have been estimated, available information must be integrated and interpreted to form conclusions about risks to the assessment endpoints. Risk descriptions include an evaluation of the lines of evidence supporting or refuting the risk estimate(s) and an interpretation of the adverse effects on the assessment end point. Confidence in the conclusions of a risk assessment may be increased by using several lines of evidence to interpret and compare risk estimates. These lines of evidence may be derived from different sources or by different techniques relevant to adverse effects on the assessment end points, such as quotient estimates, modeling results, field experiments, [Pg.512]

Potential Influence on Resource (position within cell) [Pg.513]

Empty cells = no interaction. = high level of uncertainty. [Pg.513]

The extent to which the five criteria are evaluated depends on the scope and complexity of the ecological risk assessment. However, understanding the underlying assumptions and science policy judgments is important even in simple cases. For example, when exceedence of a previously established decision rule such as a benchmark stressor level or water quality criterion is used as evidence of adversity, the reasons why exceedences of the benchmark are considered adverse should be clearly understood. [Pg.514]

It is important to consider both the ecological and statistical contexts of an effect when evaluating intensity. For example, a statistically significant 1% decrease in fish growth may not be relevant to an assessment end point of fish population viability, and a 10% decline in reproduction may be worse for a population of slowly reproducing marine mammals than for rapidly reproducing planktonic algae. [Pg.514]


Aleatory uncertainty —the roll of the die—describes risks that cannot practicably be predicted within the research process, for example, new failure modes, or modes that can only be detected in late stages of work, for example, humans. An example of aleatory uncertainty is the withdrawal in the UK of Bextra on the basis of two serious adverse events out of 40,000 patients this could only be discovered after launch [2]. This, without hindsight, was an uncontrollable risk. ... [Pg.267]

Additives are used in foods to perform a variety of functions, many of which are described elsewhere in this book. The use of additives is intended to provide some benefit to the consumer such as improved shelf life, taste or texture. However, where additives are used in foods, the public is entitled to expect that they will not be exposed to unacceptable risks should they consume such foods. This chapter is devoted to describing risk assessment methods that are applied at national and international levels. [Pg.61]

There are a number of ways to describe risks for reproductive toxicity. The first is related to interindividual variability, which is the range of variability in response to an agent in a given population and... [Pg.134]

The term acceptable is used to describe risks below intolerable levels that also are ALARA. Risks just below unacceptable levels are regarded as barely tolerable and normally should be reduced substantially based on the ALARA principle. Risks that are ALARA may vary from one exposure situation to another ... [Pg.33]

Furthermore, from a regulatory vantage point, it can be mentioned that several risk reduction measures have been taken for these chemicals both within the European Union and in international conventions. The use of Penta, Octa and Deca in electrical and electric equipment is, for example, restricted in EU legislation through the RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC). Penta is also included (and Octa is suggested for inclusion) in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic contaminants. Thus, decision-makers appear to have treated the available and often uncertain information on Penta, Octa and Deca as if their properties, use and emission were known to pose intolerable risks (at least to the extent reflected by the above described risk reduction measures). [Pg.159]

Risk communication is the exchange of information and opinions concerning risk and risk-related factors among risk assessors, risk managers, consumers and other interested parties. The goals of this communication are to describe risks and benefits, to conduct a fair and factually oriented debate about different types of actions, and to find solutions for conflicts between stakeholders. [Pg.387]

Describe risk assessment, hazard identification, and vulnerability analysis. [Pg.2]

Given the well-described risk of phototoxicity associated with fluoroquinolones, sunhght and direct exposure to the sun are risk factors. Patients therefore need to be instructed about protective measures. [Pg.1402]

Real option valuation (ROV) Recently, Gupta and Maranas (2004) revisited a real-option-based concept to project evaluation and risk management. This framework provides an entirely different approach to NPV-based models. The method relies on the arbitrage-free pricing principle and risk neutral valuation. Reconciliation between this approach and the above-described risk definitions is warranted. [Pg.342]

Many risk definitions describe risk as having only adverse consequences. There are, however, good reasons for not restricting the risk concept to undesirable consequences, and many definitions of risk accommodate both desirable and undesirable consequences. One may wish to avoid a discussion on whether a consequence is classified in the correct category. What is an undesirable consequence or outcome To some, an outcome can be undesirable, while it is desirable for others. In a short term context an event may be considered undesirable, but it may turn out that the consequences are highly desirable in a long term perspective. [Pg.426]

All frameworks are based on the idea that professional analysts estimate risks independently from how assessors, decision-makers or other stakeholders value the risks. This distinction between (scientific, value-free) assessments and value judgments is well articulated by ISO (2002) Risk analysis describes risk whereas risk evaluation broadens the picture to include aspects such as cost-benefit balances, pohtical priorities, potential for conflict resolution and social mobilisation potential. The difficulties in separating facts from values have been discussed extensively in literature, in particular by social scientists, see... [Pg.429]

Subsequently we look at variables that describe the accident. In this case the choice is strictly related to methodology approach and procedure. Looking at the comparison between couple of components, some variables have been unwrapped for example the body part injured is too much specific for RATE purpose, while material agents and specific physical activity are suitable to describe risks associated to components but not for interactions between components. [Pg.698]

Promotion A term used by CGR Management Consultants to describe risk pooling to lower inventories. In promotion, products, product families, or SKUs are moved higher in the product tree (promoted) to concentrate demand. [Pg.546]

Later chapters (Chapters 34—38) describe risk analysis and other procedures and methods for identifying hazards and selecting and ranking controls. These procedures help apply knowledge about hazards and controls covered in other portions of this book. [Pg.426]

References provides a list of publications that describe risk assessment methods. There are many such methods. For example, in the System Safety Analysis Handbook, comments are made on 101 methods. [Pg.19]

Risk Register List describing risks, their impact, and the strategy for mantling each risk. [Pg.1621]

Others, by insurance companies. They are also used by enterprises who that want to estimate the risk levels (sizes). The problem arises if the risk cannot be precisely expressed in numbers due to the absence of historical data. In such a case, a subjective estimate is applied, rather than mathematical probability (Province of British Columbia 2012, p. 13). To describe risk, the likelihood and consequences are determined, e.g. on a scale from one to five or ten ... [Pg.135]

As per NORSOK Z 013 Stmctured use of available information to identify hazards and to describe risk. (With notes)... [Pg.139]

Requires SMS to describe risk control systems for planning for emergencies. ... [Pg.200]

Risk Identification is a methodical review of all of the activities and conditions that exist in the organization. As risk is inherent in all activities, the point of beginning a risk identification process is to map the organization to determine what hazards exist and where they are located. Basically, this is asking the question, What do we do and how do we do it Job hazard analysis, systems and process reviews, data analysis, and any other available tools to describe the organization are used. Once the hazards are located and described, risk assessment begins. [Pg.204]

The described risk and reliability based approach in Figure 6 can rationally take into account the uncertainty related to the deterioration and the future costs related to inspections and maintenance of offshore wind farms. [Pg.1124]


See other pages where Describing Risk is mentioned: [Pg.208]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.670]    [Pg.503]    [Pg.512]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.358]    [Pg.373]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.739]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.2218]    [Pg.403]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.427]    [Pg.2113]    [Pg.2118]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.833]   


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