Test method density

Bulk density test A review of different bulk density test methods, the compressibility test method, and the application of the compressibility test results. 

MSTM D2843, Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Elastics., Vol. 8.02, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1993. 

In addition to chemical analysis a number of physical and mechanical properties are employed to determine cemented carbide quaUty. Standard test methods employed by the iadustry for abrasive wear resistance, apparent grain size, apparent porosity, coercive force, compressive strength, density, fracture toughness, hardness, linear thermal expansion, magnetic permeabiUty, microstmcture, Poisson s ratio, transverse mpture strength, and Young s modulus are set forth by ASTM/ANSI and the ISO. 

The types of sedimentation encountered in process technology will be greatly affected not only by the obvious factors—particle size, hquid viscosity, sohd and solution densities—but also by the characteristics of the particles within the shiny. These properties, as well as the process requirements, will help determine both the type of equipment which will achieve the desired ends most effectively and the testing methods to be used to select the equipment. 

ASTM-D 1505-85 Standard test method Density of plastics by the density-gradient technique ... 

Probe methods like particle insertion and test particle methods (29-32) are quite useful for computing chemical potentials of constituent particles in systems with low densities. Test particles are randomly inserted the average Boltzmann factor of the insertion energy yields the free energy. For dense systems these methods work poorly because of the poor statistics obtained. 

ASTM D 1996-97, Standard Test Method for Determination of Phenolic Antioxidants and Erucamide Slip Additives in Low Density Polyethylene Using Liquid Chromatography (LC), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA (1997), Vol. 08.01. 

The physical properties important for the projected use of hydraulic fluids are viscosity, density, foaming behavior, and fire resistance. There is no generally recognized test method for measuring flammability of hydraulic fluids, although various test methods maybe utilized (Moller 1989). 

Some of the more important properties of materials that are used for the construction of embankments or fills include gradation, unit weight, specific gravity, moisture-density characteristics, shear strength, compressibility, bearing capacity, permeability, and corrosion resistance. Table 4.21 provides a list of the standard test methods usually used to assess the suitability of conventional earthen fill materials for use in embankment or fill construction. 

D0792-00 Test methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 08.01 Plastics , ASTM International, West Conshohoken, 2007. 

Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method, 16 736 Linear condensation, in silanol polycondensation, 22 557-558 Linear congruential generator (LCG), 26 1002-1003 Linear copolymers, 7 610t Linear density, 19 742 of fibers, 11 166, 182 Linear dielectrics, 11 91 Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), 1 509-510 16 184 20 350 Linear ethoxylates, 23 537 Linear ethylene copolymers, 20 179-180 Linear-flow reactor (LFR) polymerization process, 23 394, 395, 396 Linear free energy relationship (LFER) methods, 16 753, 754 Linear higher a-olefins, 20 429 Linear internal olefins (LIOs), 17 724 Linear ion traps, 15 662 Linear kinetics, 9 612 Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 10 596 17 724-725 20 179-211 24 267, 268. See also LLDPE entries a-olefin content in, 20 185-186 analytical and test methods for,... 

The density functional methods assessed in this study (B3LYP, BLYP, and LDA) all perform much worse for the enthalpies of formation of the larger molecules in the G3/99 set. This is due to a cumulative effect in the errors for the larger molecules in this test set. The errors are found to be approximately proportional to the number of pairs of electrons in the molecules but the methods are not improved significantly when a higher-level correction such as that used in G2 or G3 theory is added the DFT methods. Further correction schemes may be necessary to improve the performance of density functional methods for large molecules. 

The principle behind the test method(s) is that antibodies are made of proteins that recognize and bind with foreign substances (antigens) that invade host animals. Synthetic antibodies have been developed to complex with petroleum constituents. The antibodies are immobilized on the walls of a special ceU or filter membrane. Water samples are added directly to the cell, while soils must be extracted before analysis. A known amount of labeled analyte (typically, an enzyme with an affinity for the antibody) is added after the sample. The sample analytes compete with the enzyme-labeled analytes for sites on the antibodies. After equilibrium is established, the cell is washed to remove any um-eacted sample or labeled enzyme. Color development reagents that react with the labeled enzyme are added. A solution that stops color development is added at a specified time, and the optical density (color intensity) is measured. Because the coloring agent reacts with the labeled enzyme, samples with high optical density contain low concentrations of analytes. Concentration is inversely proportional to optical density. 

The data from the density (specific gravity) test method (ASTM D1298 IP 160) provides a means of identification of a grade of naphtha but is not a guarantee of composition and can only be used to indicate evaluate product composition or quality when used in conjunction with the data from other test methods. Density data are used primarily to convert naphtha volume to a weight basis, a requirement in many of the industries concerned. For the necessary temperature corrections and also for volume corrections, the appropriate sections of the petroleum measurement tables (ASTM D1250 IP 200) are used. 

Another test method (ASTM D4052) covers the determination of the density or specific gravity of viscous oil, such as residual fuel oil, that are liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35°C (59 and 95°F). However, application of the method is restricted to liquids with vapor pressures below 600 mmHg and viscosity below 15,000 cSt at the temperature of test. In addition (and this is crucial for residual fuel oil), this test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. 

The density specific gravity) of coke has a strong influence on future use and can affect the characteristics of the products such as carbon and graphite. The density (specific gravity) of coke can be measured conveniently by use of a pycnometer. In the test method (ASTM D5004), the mass of the sample is determined directly and the volume is derived by determining the mass of hquid displaced when the sample is introduced into a pycnometer. Oil or other material sprayed on calcined petroleum coke to control dust will interfere. Such oil can be removed by flushing with a solvent, which must be completely removed before the density determination. 

In the test method (ASTM D2638), a sample is dried and ground to pass a 75-mm screen. The mass of the volume is determined directly, and the volume derived by the volume of helium displaced when the sample is introduced into a helium pycnometer. The ratio of the mass of the sample to the volume is reported as the real density. 

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