Density tests

Figure 10.5. Effect of polymer density, testing rate and temperature on the shape of the stress-strain...

Probe methods like particle insertion and test particle methods (29-32) are quite useful for computing chemical potentials of constituent particles in systems with low densities. Test particles are randomly inserted the average Boltzmann factor of the insertion energy yields the free energy. For dense systems these methods work poorly because of the poor statistics obtained. 

Central bone mineral density testing to evaluate the need for preventive or therapeutic bisphosphonate therapy ... 

Consider a bone mineral density test in patients with long-term hypogonadism. Additional Clinical Sequelae... 

The experiments of Dou et al. (1991) also indicate that the heat transfer coefficient varied with radial position across the bed, even for a given cross-sectional-averaged suspension density. Their data, as shown in Fig. 20, clearly indicate that the heat transfer coefficient at the bed wall is significantly higher than that for vertical surfaces at the centerline of the bed, over the entire range of suspension densities tested. Almost certainly, this parametric effect can be attributed to radial variations in local solid concentration which tends to be high at the bed wall and low at the bed centerline. 

ISO 5659-1 1996 Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 1 Guidance on optical-density testing ISO 5659-2 1997 Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2 Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test... 

Such a pinhole density test was performed on the AZ/PMMA two-layer deep-UV PCM system (26). The result is shown in Table IX where a pinhole density of 8 and 6 per cm was obtained for the capped (A) and uncapped (B) systems. Because only three wafers were used for each test, the result should be taken only qualitatively and the numerical difference between 6 and 8 pinholes/cm should be taken as being indicative of measurement fluctuations only. It should not be attributed to the use of different developers or O2 plasma because in the subsequent tests of batches C and D in which the DUV exposure was omitted, the numbers were 0 and 1 pinhole/cm with the capped system giving the smaller pinhole density. The low pinhole density in batch E in which the AZ development step was omitted suggests that the pinholes arise during the development of the AZ layer. Presumably, a small portion of the AZ base resin molecules were not linked up with the photoactive compound and therefore still exhibited their intrinsic high solubility in the AZ developer. After development, these high solubility spots became pinholes. These pinholes are apparently larger than the diffraction - limited sizes so that they can be transferred into the PMMA film by deep-UV exposure. 

Fig. 31, Surface height after polish for a 5- im pitch, 50% density test structure with overpolish of 30% [32].

Density of Fragments Determination. See Fragment Density Tests... 

Fragment Density Tests. See Vol 1, p XII and German Fragment Density Test in Vol 3,... 

Fragment Density Test. Same as Fragment Concentration Test... 

Den site de tassement, Essai (Packing Density Test). See Ref 24, p E137-L... 

Besides the gravimetric density test which is conducted with unwrapped cartridges, and the exudation test which can be conducted either with unwrapped cartridges or with prepd samples, the following stability tests are recommended before proceeding with complete chemical analysis... 

H. German Fragment Density Test (Splitter -dichteprobe in Ger). In this test, invented by Dr. G. Romer, the expl item to be tested is detonated in the middle of wooden boards, 2cm thick, surrounding it as shields... 

Explosive, Density Test Temp, °F Stress at Rupture, psi Elongation at Rupture, % Modulus of Elasticity, psi x 10-3 Work to Produce Rupture, ft-lb/in3... 

The bulk density (/%) of a powder mixture is its mass divided by the bulk volume it occupies. The tapped density (p,) is the density of a powder mixture that has been compacted by tapping or vibration following a specified procedure. Carr57 reported that the more a material is compacted in a compaction or bulk/tapped density test, the poorer its flow properties. Carr index (i.e., compressibility), is defined as ... 

Composition Loading Density Test Result Detonation g/cm3... 

British Standard BS 4550 (1987), Methods for Testing Cement, Part 3.2 Density Test, British Standards Institution, London. 

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