Presenile dementia

Ushman WA The senile dementias, presenile dementias and pseudodementias, in Organic Psychiatry The Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder, 2nd Edition. Edited by Lishman WA. London, Blackwell Scientific, 1987b, pp 370-427... 

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), encephalopathy, weakness, malaise, neurofibrillary tangles, neuritis, retrobulbar neuritis, neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, dementia, presenile and senile dementia, decreased locomotor activity, and speech disorders... 

Spillantini, M.G. et al. Mutation in the tau gene in familial multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 7737-7741,1998. 

Tau pathology in AD is circumscribed to neurons, while in other tauopathies, such as corticobasal degeneration, PSP and familial multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia, both nerve cells and ghal cells are affected (210,211). PINl binds hyperphosphorylated tau, resulting in depletion of soluble PINl in AD brains. 

Paloneva, J., Kestila, M., Wu, J., Salminen, A., Bohling, T., Ruotsalainen, V., Hakola, P., Bakker, A.B., Phillips, J.H., Pekkarinen, P., Lanier, L.L., Timonen, T., and Peltonen, L. (2000) Eoss-of-function mutations in TYROBP (DAP 12) result in a presenile dementia with bone cysts. Nature Genetics 25, 357-361. 

Christie JE, Shering A, Ferguson J, Glen Al. (1981) Physostigmine and arecoline Effects of intravenous infusions in Alzheimer presenile dementia. Br J Psychiatry 138 46-50. 

Argentiero V, Tavolato B Dopamine (DA) and serotonin metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Alzheimer s presenile dementia under basic conditions and after stimulation with cerebral cortex phospholipids. J Neurol 224 53-58, 1980... 

Gottfries CG, Roos BE Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with organic presenile and senile dementia. Aktuelle Gerontologie 6 37-42, 1976... 

A number of pathways contain acetylcholine, including neurons in the neostriatum, the medial septal nucleus, and the reticular formation. Cholinergic pathways appear to play an important role in cognitive functions, especially memory. Presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type is reportedly associated with a profound loss of cholinergic neurons. However, the specificity of this loss has been questioned because the levels of other putative transmitters, eg, somatostatin, are also decreased. 

Forster DP, Newens AJ, Kay DWK, et al. 1995. Risk factors in clinically diagnosed presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type a case-control study in northern England. J Epidemiol Commun Health 49 253-258. 

Aluminum has been associated with Alzheimer s and Parkinson s disease, senility, and presenile dementia. 

Alzheimer s disease, which is characterized by a loss of memory, occurs in elderly patients and was initially thought of as presenile dementia. The incidence of the disease drastically increases with age (from approximately 5% at 65 to 90% or more at 95 years of age). Studies have revealed a specific molecular and genetic mechanism in causing Alzheimer s disease.58,59... 

Spiro, (I), and diazo derivatives, (II), prepared by Bhatti (1) and Miller (2), respectively, were effective in treating central nervous disorders characterized by an alteration in normal neurotransmitter release present in presenile and senile dementia characteristic of Alzheimer s disease. 

Anderson J, Compton SA. Fluoxetine induced bradycardia in presenile dementia. Ulster Med J 1997 66(2) 144-5. 

Matsuda JI, Kaminaka K, Nozaki C (2009) Amyloid beta peptides with an additional cysteine residue can enhance immunogenicity and reduce the amyloid beta burden in an Alzheimer s disease mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Common 382(1) 149-152 Mattson MP, Chan SL, Duan W (2002) Modification of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by genes, diet, and behavior. Physiol Rev 82 637-672 McGonigal G, Thomas B, McQuade C, Starr JM, MacLennan WJ, WhaUey LJ (1993) Epidemiology of Alzheimer s presenile dementia in Scotland, 1974—88. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 306 680-683... 

Frontotemporal dementia (LTD) is one of the common forms of primary degenerative dementias after Alzheimer s disease and can affect presenile individuals. It is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by alterations in language and/or behavior. Rarely it may be associated with Parkinsonism or amyotrophy. Depending on the initial and core clinical feature FID is further classified into primary progressive aphasia (PPA) when language impairment is the initial and core... 

Historically, the condition of demenda first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907 was called geneiically presenile dementia. This nomenclature cUsdnguished Alzheimer s as a disease, and not the dementia that occurred typically as humans reached advanced years, known commonly as senility. It was believed that all of us v ould develop senility after living long enough, and that this was a normal part of the aging process. 

Unwanted effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urine retention, glaucoma, hallucinations, memory defects, toxic confusional states and psychoses (which should be distinguished from presenile dementia). 

The therapeutic uses of choline depend on its physiological functions. Bccau.se it is involved in the formation of plasma phospholipids, it is used as a lipotropic agent to alleviate fatty infiltration of the liver, cirrhosis. It has been u.sed. in large doses, in certain central nervous system disorders (e.g., tardive dyskinesia, presenile dementia) bccau.se it is a precursor of acetylcholine. Choline also serves as a methyl donor in some reactions after it is converted to betaine. 

A number of diverse adverse effects have been attributed to water fluoridation. Investigators have found no convincing evidence of increased rates of cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, presenile dementia, birth defects, or Down syndrome. ... 

Olson MI, Shaw CM (1969) Presenile dementia and Alzheimer s disease in mongolism. Brain 92 147-156... 

Miller TP, Davies HD, Yesavage JA, et al Presenile dementia associated with elevated aluminum and zinc levels a case report. Clinical Gerontologist 2 55-59, 1984 Neri LC, Hewitt D Aluminium, Alzheimer s disease, and drinking water (letter). Lancet 338 390, 1991... 

O Flynn RR, Monkman SM, Waldron HA Organic solvents and presenile dementia a case referent study using death certificates. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 44 259-262,1987... 

Mikkelsen S. 1980. A cohort study of disability pension and death among painters with special regard to disabling presenile dementia as an occupational disease. Scand J Soc Med Supp116 34-43. 

Neurochemical examination of biopsy and antopsy brain material from Alzheimer patients has revealed loss of the presynaptic marker enzymes acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), chohne 6>-acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and of muscarinic receptor sites of the M2 subtype correlating with dementia score and severity of nenrohistopathology [8]. These alterations do, to some extent, reflect the well-documented neuronal cell loss in the nucleus of Meynert in presenile dementia and AD. Lesions of this brain nncleus in rats, a limited model for the cholinergic deficit of AD, resnlt in marked reductions in the levels of cholinergic en me markers in the neocortex accompanied by great decreases in the total muscarinic receptor levels [9,10]. 

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