Alzheimer. Alois

Despite its characteristic symptoms and even after the exclusion of other established causes, AzD can only be reliably diagnosed by neuropathology and microscopic examination of the brain. Indeed that is how it came by its name. In 1907, a German physician, Alois Alzheimer, described two distinct post-mortem changes in the brain of a woman patient who had died with an unusual mental illness. These were the now characteristically accepted markers of the disease, namely senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Fig. 18.1). 

The most definitive diagnosis of AD is a postmortem examination of the brain for the presence of two characteristic lesions the neuritic plaque (NP) and the neurofibrillary tangle. Both structures were originally described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer using silver-based histological stains. The discovery of NPs was hailed as a watershed moment in the history of neurological disease as it helped shift society s perception of age-related dementia from social stigma to physical disease [2]. 

A few years after the pioneering studies of Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915) with August D., Johann F., and other patients, reported between 1907 and 1911 (43-46), it soon became clear that AD was a clinical entity that accumulated in some families. 

The brightest side of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is their use in the treatment of Alzheimer s disease, AD, a progressive brain disorder, named for Alois Alzheimer, who first described it early in the twentieth century. 

In order to absolutely confirm the presence of AD, the brain must be biopsied immediately after death. What is found is a general deterioration of brain neurons and the presence of excessive quantities of neurofibrillary tangles (twisted neuron bundles) and amorphous amyloid protein. In 1907 it was the neurofibrillary tangles which Alois Alzheimer first associated with the condition which bears his name. Today clinical psychiatric evaluations, PET brain scans for utilization of glucose as well as NMR are used to help in the diagnosis of AD. It is extremely difficult to differentiate AD from other types of... 

AD is a primary degenerative dementia affecting humans as young as in their forties. The German physician Alois Alzheimer first described the disease in 1906. It is characterized by senile plaques and paired helical filaments (PHFs), and the severity of the condition directly parallels their number.63 The involvement of aluminum in this and related dementias (dialysis encephalopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis — Parkinson dementia in Guam) is currently a highly contested issue in neurological research. 

The systematic study of Alzheimer s disease commenced only relatively recently, despite the fact that Alois Alzheimer described the disease over 90 years ago. In the last decade our knowledge of the disease and of its possible aetiology has advanced from almost total ignorance to the stage where it is possible to develop therapeutic strategies. Perhaps we should be optimistic that the next decade will enable early diagnosis of this devastating disease to be followed by effective symptomatic treatment and attenuation of the inevitable destruction of the brain. 

Alois Alzheimer first described Alzheimer s disease in Germany in 1907. There are approximately 3-4 million people in the United States with Alzheimer s disease, about 10% of all those over 70 years of age. The health care cost of treatment is more than 80 billion per year, and the cost of caring for one patient with Alzheimer s disease is more than 50,000 per year when the disease is advanced. Alzheimer s disease is one of the most common reasons that a person is placed in a nursing home. Several genetic factors have been tied to Alzheimer s disease and other dementias, but very often there seems to be no family history, and the cause of Alzheimer s disease is unknown at this time. 

Historically, the condition of demenda first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907 was called geneiically presenile dementia. This nomenclature cUsdnguished Alzheimer s as a disease, and not the dementia that occurred typically as humans reached advanced years, known commonly as senility. It was believed that all of us v ould develop senility after living long enough, and that this was a normal part of the aging process. 

Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915) German psychiatrist who studied the brains of demented and senile patients and correlated hisological findings with clinical features. 

Since the identification of its pathogenic features by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, over 90,000 papers have been published on Alzheimer s disease (AD) to date (2.5 million references to cancer since 1818 1.6 million references to cardiovascular disorders since 1927 1.01 million to central nervous system (CNS) disorders since 1893) [1], The number of people affected by dementia is becoming a public and socioeconomic concern in many countries all over the world,... 

Stability, and independent function was described by Alois Alzheimer and is known Alzheimer s disease (AD). Age is an important risk factor for AD it affects 10% of persons over 65 years of age and about 40% of those over age 85. The characteristic neuropathological changes include formation of extracellular neuritic plaques and intraneuronal tangles with associated neuronal loss in hippocampus and neocortex (Figure 4-14). 

The first case of AD was reported in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer, who investigated a woman who displayed symptoms that today are characteristic of a progressed stage of the disease. After death, he found histologically cortical NFT and plaques, a finding that represents a milestone in the history of this disease (Brun et al., 1990). 

The autopsy criteria for AD described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907 were NFT and neuritic plaques. The presence of NFT is the presupposition for the diagnosis of AD. Whereas in brains of normal, aged persons, NFT in greater extent are never found, numerous amyloid and neuritic plaques can frequently be observed (Perry, E.K., 1986 Perry,... 

Alois Alzheimer presented a key paper to the meeting of the South West German Society of Alienists on the 3rd November 1906. He described a patient, Frau Auguste D, whom he had taken care of in 1901. She was a 51-year-old woman who had entered a mental hospital in Frankfurt, Germany. She was unable to answer simple questions, had difficultly with her memory, was often delirious, and had hallucinations. When she died 5 years later, an autopsy revealed the presence of sticky plaques and tangles of neurons throughout her brain. We still do not know whether the plaques are a cause or a result of the disease. Regardless, they are manifestations of the disease. 

D. H. Small, R. Cappai. Alois Alzheimer and Alzheimer s disease a centennial perspective. J Neurochem, 2006. 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) it is the most common form of dementia among elders. It is named after Alois Alzheimer, who described both the clinical features and pathologic changes in 1906. Like Parkinson s disease, it is also a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The prevalence in the United States in patients above age 65 is 10.3%, rising to 47% in those over the age of 80. 

In 1906, German neuropathologist and psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer described eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Himrinde (a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex). Alzheimer noted two abnormalities in autopsied brain tissue from his index case senile plaques, proteinaceous structures previously described in the brain of normal elderly people and abnormal cells deUneated with silver stain that became known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The distribution and abundance of tangle-filled neurons are now the main criteria used to diagnose Alzheimer disease (AD) at autopsy. 

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