Marcus Hook, Pa

Figure 4-48. A two-stage cyclone system. (Source Bill Dougherty, BP Oil Refinery Marcus Hook, PA.)...

Ever since the major power failure in 1965 that blacked out the northeastern United States, an important site consideration has been the reliability of electrical power systems. For instance, a 5-hour power failure cost a New Jersey firm two days downtime. In another case the Sun Oil Company s 170,000-barrel-per-day refinery at Marcus Hook, Pa., suffered a 250,000 loss due to a 3 1/2-hour power failure. It was four days before full production could be restored. The problem is that there is no section of the country that has not had a major power failure. 

Currently the use of full-scale GAC systems in the U.S. petroleum rebning industry is very limited. Some rebneries used GAC as the secondary treatment process but have discontinued the operations. Two examples are the Atlantic Richbeld (Arco) system near Wilmington, CA, and the British Petroleum (BP) system in Marcus Hook, PA [17]. 

Research and Engineering Department, Avisun Corp., Marcus Hook, Pa. 

Alfred E. Hirschler (Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) I would like to point out two significant omissions in Rabo s review dealing with Bronsted sites in zeolites. The first substantive evidence for the presence of Bronsted sites in cationic zeolites was our 1963 paper (/. Catalysis 1963, 2, 428), which showed that arylmethanol indicators generate car-bonium ions on contact with CaX and other cationic zeolites. The cited work of Norton did not establish the presence of Bronsted acidity for two reasons. He used Ho indicators which give acid colors with Lewis as... 

F. W. Kirsch (Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) Can you tell me the size range of samples used for Karl Fischer and lithium aluminum hydride titrations ... 

A. E. Hirschler (Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) I should like to make a comment relating to your statement that activity is not a simple function of acidity. This statement appears to contain the implicit assumption that all acid sites able to protonate pyridine would have the same catalytic activity. Actually, one might expect an intensity factor (acid strength) to be operative in acid catalysis as well as an extensive factor, and the apparent lack of correlation you observed may result from an influence of acid strength on catalytic activity. Pyridine adsorption data alone do not completely define Bronsted acidity. One may need also some measure of acid strength. Acidity measurement with Hr indicators, such as we and others have reported, may supply useful information relative to acid strength as well as number of acid sites. 

A. E. Hirschler (Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) You report on one of your slides that at 300°C the extent of isomerization of n-pentane was 65% vs. 15% for n-hexane. Usually, n-hexane is more readily isomerized, or more extensively isomerized, than n-pentane. How do you account for the reverse situation which you have reported and the magnitude of the difference between C5 and Ce paraffins (The subject shde is not included in the paper.)... 

In quick succession, a number of SCOT units were ordered in areas where the antipollution code requires very low emission levels. These were on new SRU s specifically designed to integrate the Claus SRU s with SCOT plants. They were BP Oil at Marcus Hook, Pa. Marathon Oil at Detroit, Mich. Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) at Lima, Ohio Southwestern Oil and Refining Co. at Corpus Christi, Tex. and Texaco Inc. at Port Arthur, Tex. At this writing, thirteen SCOT units are under contract in the U.S. and Canada, as detailed in Table II. Figure 3 is a model of a 160 LT/D SCOT unit under construction. 

C everal studies were done during the past few years at American Viscose Research and Development Co., Marcus Hook, Pa., to investigate the interactions between macromolecules in concentrated solutions and in gels. These were studied by measuring their mechanical properties—i.e., flow behavior and elasticity. 

W. H. Flank (Houdry Laboratories, Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) In crystallizing a given zeolite from a 2-phase nutrient system, the composition in the liquid phase, especially the effective hydroxyl ion concentration, and the temperature must be controlled so that a balance is maintained between the ratio of the various silica and alumina species being obtained from dissolution of the solid phase and the ratio of these species already present in the liquid phase. Degree of supersaturation should also be controlled. Since the rate dependence of the various reaction steps is not constant for all species, lack of such control may have a severe effect on the system. What was done to the gel samples in Table VI, which had constant Si/Al and Na/Si ratios, to produce the various ratios noted for the liquid phase ... 

W. H. Flank (Houdry Laboratories, Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) Some micrographs of offretite crystallites have been observed in which the ends along the c axis appeared as sharp irregular terminations, like the fractured end of a bundle of prismatic needles. The over-all shape was sausage-like. This supports Gard s conclusion from the dark-field micrographs that the outer layer, as well as the crystallite core, is crystalline rather than amorphous. 

W. H. Flank (Houdry Laboratories, Marcus Hook, Pa. 19061) Ambs and Flank were somewhat misquoted in your paper when it stated that faujasite stability was claimed by us to be dependent only on sodium level. We claimed that a continuous distribution of materials existed whose relative properties are a function of sodium level. This view was more clearly defined and discussed in an exchange of letters in a recent issue of /. Catalysis. We recognize the existence of differences in degree rather than differences in kind. 

Ruminococcus albus strain 7, (1), was grown on cellulose roll tubes according to the Hungate technique (2). Either Avicel (FMC Corporation, Marcus Hook, Pa.) or balled filter paper was used as the cellulose source. Three milliliters of melted cellulose-medium at 45 °C. in 16 X 150 mm. tubes were inoculated with the bacteria under a gas phase of 95% C02 and 5% H2. The tubes were subsequently stoppered and rolled in a tray of ice in order to form a film of agar medium around the... 

The search for funds began anew, and Houdry was able to convince Arthur E. Pew, a member of the family that owned controlling interest in Sun Oil, to provide support for this Sun obtained half of Houdry s stock so that Sun, Socony-Vacuum and Houdry each owned one-third of the company. The laboratory moved across the Delaware River to Marcus Hook, Pa. (actually Linwood, Pa.), where Sun Oil was located (the Houdry Laboratory site has been designated as a National Historical Landmark by the American Chemical Society). In 1932 Houdry was able to announce his new process to the world. However, while he had a process, the valves, pumps and reactors needed for the process were not available. With much effort, by 1936, it was considered that the problems of the hardware had been overcome. 

Belle Chasse, LA, Lima, OH, and Marcus Hook, PA El Segundo and Richmond, CA, and Pascagoula, MS Corpus Christi, TX and Lake Charles, LA Channelview, TX Cheyenne, WY... 

Houston and Texas City, TX, and Krotz Springs, LA Borger and Sweeny, TX Deer Park, TX, Martinez, CA, Norco, LA, and Wood River, IL Corpus Christi, TX Delaware City, DE, and Convent, LA Marcus Hook, PA, and Toledo, OH El Dorado, KS, Los Angeles, CA, and Puget Sound, WA... 

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