Decorative sheet

The decorative plastic laminates widely used for countertops and cabinets are based on melamine—formaldehyde resin (see Laminates). Several layers of phenohc-saturated kraft paper are placed in a press and a sheet of a-ceUulose paper printed with the desired design and impregnated with melamine—formaldehyde resin is placed over them. Then a clear a-ceUulose sheet, similarly impregnated with the resin, is placed on top to form a clear, protective surface over the decorative sheet. The assembly is cured under heat and pressure up to 138°C and 10 MPa (1450 psi). A similar process is used to make wall paneling, but because the surfaces need not be as resistant to abrasion and wear, laminates for wall panels are cured under lower pressure, about 2 MPa (290 psi). 

Thermoplastic elastomers were prepared by Kim et al. (2) and used in decorative sheets. 

The laminate sheet is a flexible decorative sheet for use in surfacing an automobile body panel. The laminate revealed in this invention contains several layers, including clearcoat, tie coat, color coat, and adhesive layer. Clearcoat is formulated from polyvinylidene fluoride (to assure excellent weather resistance), tie coat is formulated from acrylic (good adhesion to both clear coat and color coat and weather resistance), color coat was formulated from PVC (see formulation in the above table) and adhesive was pressure sensitive acrylic formulation. 

Rigid PVC blown film Improved printing gloss reduction Decorative sheet for paneling... 

FlexiBrass, Ultra-thin decorative sheets, Rowmark... 

Overlay (optional) Decorative sheet Several core sheets... 

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are permanently tacky substances that adhere spontaneously to the surfaces of most materials with only light pressure [36]. Their adhesiveness is relatively nonspecific, although the individual products show different adhesion values on different substrates. Pressure-sensitive adhesives are used mostly for coating supports, for example, paper and film tapes, adhesive labels, or self-adhesive decorative sheeting. The adhesives are applied to the supports as solutions, dispersions, or melts. After the adhesive has set, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is present as a thin film on the support and, until it is used, is covered by suitable antiadhesively finished materials, for example silicone paper or siliconized polyethylene film. In some cases, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is also applied to the masking material, and the film of... 

Melamine-formaldehyde resin provides both adhesive and functional properties in Formica decorative laminates. To prepare a decorative laminate, a melamine resin-impregnated decorative sheet is sandwiched between a melamine resin-treated protective overlay layer and a number of phenolic resin-treated support layers. The resulting combination provides the remarkable properties of the decorative appearance of the printed pattern protected by the hard, stain-resistant, and abrasion resistant surface provided by the melamine-formaldehyde resin. 

Polyester plasticisers or polymeries are used in PVC compositions to confer the property of permanence, ie resistance to extraction by petrol or oil (important in tubing, oil seals, oil resistant industrial footwear, etc), low migration into other materials in intimate contact with the PVC (eg polystyrene in the case of refrigerator gaskets or the adhesives used in PVC insulation tape or decorative sheeting), and low volatility (important in high temperature electric cables and anti-fogging automobile upholstery and trim). 

Ceiling board Decorated sheet with melamine resin (Al)/ incombustible lightweight board/AI or FRP panel Epoxy Spatula... 

Partition panel Decorated sheet with melamine or PVC resin (AI)/incombustlble lightweight board/plate(AI) Epoxy Spatula... 

Spacing plate (incombustible hardboard, rigid PVC)/decorated sheet with melamine or PVC resin (Al) Nitrile rubber Paint brush... 

Under certain circumstances, even greater flexibility might be required from the decorated sheet. Under such conditions vinyl systems may be used. 

Solvent based, hot-melt, and water-based dispersion adhesives are typically used in producing technical laminates for the furniture and automotive industries. The market share for aqueous dispersions is about 40 %. The main products are heat-acti-vatable polyurethane dispersions, which provide excellent adhesion and extremely high bond strengths to a range of substrates. Important applications are furniture lamination (lamination of medium density fiberboard to decorative sheeting) and the lamination of moldings for interior automotive parts (e.g. dashboards, door interior panels) [73]. In North America, the total automotive adhesive market is estimated to be roughly 200 million (in 1997) [74]. 

This effect is utilized in furniture lamination, in which the polyurethane dispersion is usually mixed with a reactive crosslinking agent The polyurethane adhesive is applied using a spray gun. After the adhesive has dried, a blocldng-resistant film forms, and the fiberboard elements can be stacked. They are then pressed with the decorative sheet at 60-80 °C, for example in a membrane press. On coohng, recrystallization produces a rapid increase in strength. This is necessary to counter the re-... 

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