Radiation decontamination

The use of radiation dispersal devices, commonly referred to as dirty bombs, is particularly concerning for disaster planning and emergency preparedness personnel. An RDD is an explosive device designed to spread radioactive material without a nuclear explosion (Briggs Brinsfield, 2003). The initial blast from the explosion can kill or inflict mechanical trauma on those who are close in proximity to the explosion while the radioactive material is dispersed. Please refer to chapter 27, Radiological Incidents and Emergencies, for further information on decontamination, radiation sickness, and personal protective measures. 

Removal of a polluting or harmful substance from air, water, earth surface, etc. For example, the process of removing hazardous chemical contamination from objects or areas. Decontamination (Radiation)... 

N. Kobayashi, Y. Yamamoto, and M. Akashi, Prussian blue as an agent for decontamination of 137Cs in radiation accidents. Hoken Butsuri 33, 323-330 (1998). 

Several decontamination methods exist, but the most versatile treatment among them is processing with ionizing radiation. Decontamination of food by ionizing radiation is a safe, efficient, environmentally clean, and energy-efficient process. Shelf-life... 

The doses applied for the widely used microbial decontamination by irradiation of spices, dried herbs, and dry vegetable seasonings (see Sec. 4.9) are much higher than the disinfestation doses. Thus radiation decontamination of these commodities is more than enough to kill also any insects eventually infesting them. 

Radiation decontamination of meat was first commercially implemented in Brittany, France, when e-beam irradiation treatment was established for frozen slabs of mechanically separated chicken meat [57,58]. 

In addition to economic feasibility, radiation processing is less energy consumptive than other decontamination techniques—an increasingly encouraging feature of radiation technology [150]. 

Lebovics, V.K. Farkas, J. Andrassy, E. Meszaros, L. Lugasi, A. Gaal, O. Reduction of Cholesterol and Lipid Oxidation in Radiation Decontaminated Mechanically Deboned Turkey Meat, Poster presented at the 48th ICoMST, Rome, 25-30 August 2002. 

Quality Assurance and Measurement in Diagnostic Radiology Radiation Exposure and Potentially Related Injury Radiation Received in the Decontamination of Nuclear Facilities Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities Effects of Radiation on the Embryo-Fetus... 

Andrews, "Radiation Biophysics , Prentice -Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ(196l) 18)Anon, "Chemical, Biological and Radiological(CBR) Decontamination , TM 3 220(1961) 19)Anon, "Chemical, Biological and Radiological(CBR) Operations , FM 3 5(1961) 20)Anon,... 

Many groundwaters are contaminated with the cleaning solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). They are two of the most common organochlorine compounds found in Superfund sites. Radiation-induced decomposition of TCE in aqueous solutions has been the subject of several recent studies [15-20]. In most of the referenced studies, the complete destruction of TCE was observed. Dechlorination by a combination of oxidative and reductive radiolysis was stoichiometric. Gehringer et al. [15] and Proksch et al. [18] have characterized the kinetics and mechanism of OH radical attack on TCE and PCE in y-ray-irradiated aqueous solution. Trichloroethylene was readily decomposed in exponential fashion, with a reported G value of 0.54 pmol J-1. A 10 ppm (76 pM) solution was decontaminated with an absorbed dose of less than 600 Gy. For each OH captured, one C02 molecule, one formic acid molecule and three Cl- ions were generated. These products were created by a series of reactions initiated by OH addition to the unsaturated TCE carbon, which is shown in Eq. (45) ... 

Special Hazards. Disposable clothing for hazardous work (as examples, in decontamination, or in atomic radiation at low levels) may be made from unsupported vinyls by welding. 

It is occasionally necessary for personnel to enter some of these facilities. This requires considerable time for decontamination and placement of local shielding. The operations that will be performed are carefully planned and rehearsed in order to get the entry over with as swiftly as possible. A special group of employees, the health physicists, are responsible for radiation safety throughout the plant, and they provide close monitoring of these entries. 

SRW was removed from the NIB s storage and transferred to Atomflof for processing and disposal. To improve the radiation situation at the icebreaker, all reactor compartment rooms were decontaminated. 

RC rooms should be decontaminated, and the radiation parameters be measiued and mapped. RC power supply should be cut off, and all RC rooms be locked and sealed. 

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