Debris collection

Bombs shatter and scatter the scene debris will contain fragments of the explosive device, any container in which it was held, and also the remains of items which were in immediate proximity. The size of such fragments wiU depend on the explosive performance and device size, as will the degree of fragment scatter and the chance of recovery of evidentially significant items. A preHminary search should be made to identify and recover any obvious evidential items. Arrangements should then be made to recover the bomb scene debris for more detailed searching. 

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Figure 18. Gamma-ray spectra from various biological materials from a dairy cow that had been previously fed radioactive debris collected at the site of a nuclear detonation...

As explicitly mentioned in ASME, never install an SRV horizontally, both for the above reason - debris collection - and also for valve function. Although this seems obvious, the strangest installations exist in the field, with end users wondering why the valves do not function correctly (Figure 6.14). 

Measurements of temperature and CO concentrations of the off-gas were made using the TDL sensor along a horizontal line of sight at a "break-flange" mounted on the debris collection drop-out chamber downstream of the EAF (Figure 14.9). The motivation for these measurements in the EAF is for postcombustion control to recover energy from unburned CO in the exhaust using O2 injection. 

To collect a soil subsample, carefully scrape aside all vegetation and debris. Collect the soil with a clean stainless steel utensil, making sure not to exceed 3 cm in excavated depth. The subsamples should be placed in a clean glass wide-mouth bottle with a cap lined with Teflon. The bottle should be of sufficient size such that when all 10 subsamples are collected it is approximately 1/2 full. The extra volume is needed so that the soil can be homogenized before any subsamples are withdrawn for analysis. After collection the samples are stored in the dark at 4 °C to retard compositional changes due to biological activity. 

Microscopic studies of blown or atomized aluminum reveal that no single aluminum product on the US. market is ideal. The author made studies of air separated aluminums and found the following factors to produce empirically better effects. Aluminum products were separated in a forty foot trough by air flow separation. Microscopic examination was used as a quality of separation control. Aluminums used for the study were Alcoa 101, 123 and Reynolds 120, all circa 1968. Ten pound batches of each were separated into six size ranges. Various formulas were made up with each cut, and known blends of aluminum cuts were similarly made into stars and fired as comets and in 3-inch shells. Samples of all star batches were burned statically. Microscopic examinations of residues of spritz debris collected on plastic film were used to evaluate combustion efficiency. 

The types of samples that are submitted to the forensic science laboratory for examination for the presence of explosives can include samples collected from the scene of the incident, from suspects, and from any sites where explosives are suspected to have been manufactured or processed. These samples can include debris collected from the site of the incident, remains of a detonating device, and clothing and hand swabs from suspects. (Other samples may also be collected, such as raw material that could have been used in the manufacture of explosives or explosive devices.)... 

Centrifuge (20 min at 10,000 x ) to separate solubUized proteins from cell debris. Collect supernatant and continue with step 3 or store at -80 °C. 

As a basis for evaluating the physical effects of the explosion, the damage pattern was recorded by topographical maps, terrain sections, and aerial as weU as terrestrial photos. Detailed documentation was elaborated for 53 pieces of large single debris and 40 debris collection fields [8]. The data from these debris fields were used for evaluating the debris throw from the crater, which is described in detail here. 

The selected fields were marked, photographed, and surveyed. An area map showing the installation and all the fields where debris had been collected (Fig. 26.10 nos. 81 to 120 indicate the debris collection fields, nos. 1 to 53 show the location of the recorded large pieces of single debris) was produced. 

FIGURE 26.9 Debris collection areas and debris number 21 (see Fig. 26.7). 

California beaches also have a higher level of these pellets. Pre-production plastic pellets accounted for more than 90% of the debris collected in a study of beach sites from Seal Beach to San Clemente in Orange County (Moore et al. 2001) and 94% of the debris items found during the EPA s Harbor Studies Program (US EPA 1992). In the Combined Sewer Overflow Studies Program, pellets were found in municipal wastewater treatment systems of Philadelphia and Boston (Plastic Pellets in the Aquatic Environment 1992). 

Plastic pellets comprised more than 50% of the man-made debris collected at one Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, storm-water discharge. Pellets were also found in samples collected from four sewage treatment plants. Plastic pellet sources were not identified in research studies, but it is likely that they come from storm runoff (Plastic Pellets in the Aquatic Environment 1992). 

TABLE 2.2 Total Land and Underwater Debris Collection for Worldwide Coastal Cleanup in 2011 ... 

Most of the debris collected on land is placed in landfill operations. Modern landfills are well designed and engineered facilities that are operated and monitored to meet federal regulations. The landfills are designed to accept solid debris and prevent contamination of the land and groundwater from the solid debris. 

The most visible types of plastic debris are large derelict fishing gear, bottles, bags and other consumer products however, much of the debris collected... 

Avoid designs that allow for water or dirt collection/stagnant water and/or moist accumulation. If the system becomes too dirty because of being suitable for dirt and debris collection, the environment may become very receptive to microbial species capable of affecting both the extent and intensity of corrosion. In pipelines, for instance, designs that allow too many ramifications and extra branches and piping can render the pipe quite vulnerable to microbial corrosion. 

Steel colunms rest on ground levels. In certain situations water and debris collects at the junction of the ground and the columns. 

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