Data transfer formats

For all such third party off-spectrometer data analysis packages it is important to be able to handle as many manufacturers formats and international data transfer formats as possible and Tab. 24.1 typifies this with those formats currently supported by MassLib. 

IPC-2581. This is the new IPC coordinated data transfer format. Started in the late 1990s, it is available on some CAD systems. A description is available in Sec. 18.3.4.2. 

Nevertheless, the physical transfer of data between component software modules still relies on operating system support as well as the modules themselves having a common understanding of the data transfer format. The construction of efficient multiprocess software systems on IBM PCs remains a major problem. The various possible approaches to creating such a hybrid system are shown in Figure 6. 

There are a number of data transfer formats and almost every manufacturer has established their own. From the user s point of view, it is very disappointing to learn that the new piece of equipment you always wanted is finally available for sale but that it is incompatible with... 

The GETFILE software is used in this volume to demonstrate its capabilities for converting various spectrometer specific data formats into the WINNMR format. It has been developed for data conversion and easy data transfer and must be installed if you wish to... 

Depending on the software used for data transfer and on the original NMR data format different procedures are possible ... 

GETFILE is started with the File Transfer command in both ID WIN-NMR and 2D WIN-NMR. For a transfer using FTP - the most common transfer protocol - the local and remote FTP must first be set up using the items in the FTP pull-down menu. After defining the file to be copied, a number of additional parameters must be set such as the type of data, the format (UXNMR/XWINNMR or WIN-NMR) to be used for the stored data and the destination directory. When all the appropriate parameters have been set, the transfer is initialised with the Get NMR-Files. .. command. 

For automatic data transfer and data conversion choose the Open option from the File pull-down menu in either ID WIN-NMR or 2D WIN-NMR in exactly the same way as for data files already stored on your PC hard disk. Open directly transfers and automatically converts (UXNMR/XWINNMR-data) ID or 2D data sets and shows the NMR data in the corresponding WIN-NMR application window for immediate processing. The processed data will not automatically be stored in the WINNMR format. 

In accordance with the data, the formation of dication 308 from 306 includes the transfer of two electrons, but the intermediate cation radical 307 is too short-lived to allow recording of its ESR spectrum. It was assumed that the exclusive formation of 261 on chemical oxidation of306 is determined by the comparatively low reduction potentials of the electron acceptors used. 

In some cases, a replacement system will be installed which can access the data records from the previous system, including historical data, to enable such data to be available in the format used by the new system. If necessary, a data conversion process must be carried out. Where system obsolescence forces the need to convert electronic records from one system or format to another, the conversion process must be qualified and its integrity verified. The electronic copies of electronic record files can be considered to be electronic record files provided that the data transfer processes have been verified. Services such as Digital Notary expedite the verification of the conversion process. 

The format and content of the documents in an NDA and the administrative actions associated with an NDA continue to evolve. In the last 10 years, the NDA process has been affected by increasing globalization, serious incidences of fraud and graft, the AIDS epidemic, increased ease and speed of electronic data transfer, and greater accountability within the executive branch of the government. One example of the result of these forces was the implementation of user fees and the significant shortening of the review times by the FDA. 

The means by which these data are transferred must be validated or a 100% verification of the data must be performed. Data transfer may not be as simple as copying data from one database to another as there may well be different data fields or different field formats between the two systems. Data cleansing and archiving might also be necessary. 

Screen input formatting and input verification, data recovery, referential integrity, data transfers, print controls... 

When a CRO has been chosen, the contract should include a detailed definition of the scope of work required along with a clear understanding of when the data is considered clean and ready for analysis. A test run of data transfer from the CRO to the sponsor should be done early in the study to identify any problems in data formatting and transmission. The milestones and deliverables must be tracked closely during study conduct in order to ensure that appropriate progress payments are made. The importance of regular communication cannot be overemphasized. The early identification and resolution of technical or process problems is necessary for a smooth database closure and transfer of data. Transfer of data often contains more issues and surprises than anticipated. 

Due to the fact that in most companies the sample storage and retrieval facilities are centralized, the test samples have to be transferred to the screening groups at various locations. Therefore, logistics such as bar-coding, data transfer, and delivery are crucial points. Delivery of the samples is performed usually in 96-well format after sealing with removable films in solution (e.g. on dry ice in DMSO), or as neat-films. Workstations able to seal microplates, label with bar-codes, and remove organic solvents in order to prepare neat-films are commercially available. 

Such problems with data transfer can be avoided by declaring the parameters involved as Public, in which case they are accessible throughout the entire VBA module. Public parameters must be declared at the very beginning of the module, in the format of a dimension statement, but with Public instead of Dim, as illustrated below. Note that, in this case, we can merely invoke the subroutine by stating its name, leaving out its brackets and, even, the instruction Call. 

In addition, availability of data collection and analysis systems or laboratory information management systems (LIMS), with or without a data analysis package, at the receiving laboratory will determine how assay analysis and data transfer can be accomplished. There is a significant chance that data analysis, processing systems and LIMS are different between laboratories. In these cases, comparability of the results from the data analysis should be verified early on. It should be determined whether the calibration curve algorithm is the same in both labs. If they are different, it needs to be verified that the data analysis leads to comparable results. It is also important that the data can be transferred between labs in a compatible format, for example, to allow transfer to an SAS database. 

Fig. 6. Different types of microtubule assembly reactions followed by the time course of X-ray scattering at selected scattering angles. Curves 1 to 7 show the intensity at very low angles sensitive to overall assembly (region C, see Fig. 2), curve 8 is from a region sensitive mainly to rings and smaller oligomers (R in Fig. 2), curve 9 is sensitive to the formation of microtubules (M in Fig. 2). The arrow marks the temperature jump from 4 to 37 °C. The dotted regions represent breakds caused by data transfer to the computer. From [16]...

Different techniques have traditionally been used to transfer data within the different layers. For example, OCSs typically may be interrupt driven or will work on the basis of polling for data, with each response being made before the next request is made. MES and ERP systems typically use transactional-based information interchange, where many requests can be outstanding at any time (due to the time taken to obtain the data and format the response). 

Information transfer between different function units has three main functions data output from application software in a certain data format to a certain kind of data repository data format transformation, and data transfer from one application to another application within the same computer or in a network environment. 

Corruption of information can also occur whenever data is transferred from one logical or physical location to another - in HIT systems data transfer often takes the form of messaging in either a proprietary or standard format such as Health Language 7 (HL7). Data which is in transit between systems is often vulnerable and robust design measures are usually required to ensure that any corruption is detected and brought to the attention of an appropriate service manager. 

All spectra were converted to the JCAMP format using the Bruker ATS-JCAMP-DX (4.24) conversion program (Version 1.3). Data transfer to a personal computer was initialized by the Bruker-Kermit program. 

A requirement of the integration shown in the scheme of Figure 1 is the capability for smooth data transfer. This is especially important in the area of reaction retrieval, particularly for the generation of special databases at mini/mainframe and microcomputer level and for the uploading and downloading of data. To ensure efficient transfer, data from various sources (e.g. REACCS, MACCS, ChemBase) should be compatible, the mechanism of transfer must be simple and fiexible (translation of data), and, most importantly, a standard format must be used. The standard for MDL software is the reaction datafile (RDfile, Figure 11), a further development of the standard SDfile for molecules. The RDfile contains complete structural information on reactants, products, catalysts, and solvents and all other pertinent data. 

Such a data format allows rather economical machine independent packing and unpacking of BE-matrices and is used for data transfer on sequentially organized, byte oriented media. 

Humans and computer procedures interact to develop more complete or less complete computer descriptions of products depending on the extent of the engineering activities to be assisted by computer model based engineering sessions. Computer descriptions of engineering objects are stored as data sets and consist of integrated or stand-alone data subsets. Integrated subsets are interconnected and model data flow is inherently ensured amongst them. Stand-alone subsets in most cases describe the same information in different formats. Moreover, the capabilities for the description of the same information sets may be very different. Interconnections of stand-alone subsets often require data transfer... 

---