Data tables thermodynamic properties

White, Friedman, and Johnston (343) have measured the critical constants for normal hydrogen and have found 33.244 K. and 12.797 atmospheres. Woolley, Scott, and Brickwedde have presented data on the dissociation energy and the thermodynamic properties for the ideal diatomic gas, including contributions from nuclear spin. We have omitted the spin entropy in compiling our tables. Thermodynamic properties for the ideal monatomic gas have been computed at the National Bureau of Standards (395). Note that the reference state represents 2 gram atomic weights for this element. 

ELDAR contains data for more than 2000 electrolytes in more than 750 different solvents with a total of 56,000 chemical systems, 15,000 hterature references, 45,730 data tables, and 595,000 data points. ELDAR contains data on physical properties such as densities, dielectric coefficients, thermal expansion, compressibihty, p-V-T data, state diagrams and critical data. The thermodynamic properties include solvation and dilution heats, phase transition values (enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs free energies), phase equilibrium data, solubilities, vapor pressures, solvation data, standard and reference values, activities and activity coefficients, excess values, osmotic coefficients, specific heats, partial molar values and apparent partial molar values. Transport properties such as electrical conductivities, transference numbers, single ion conductivities, viscosities, thermal conductivities, and diffusion coefficients are also included. 

TABLE 34. Comparative Results of the Calculated Data from Eq. (0.15) and the Experimental Data for Thermodynamic Properties of Freon-22 in the Gaseous Region ... 

Table 3 Survey of literature data for thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of polyelec...

A fugacity coefficient of 1 represents the case where attractive and repulsive forces balance and is usually indicative of an ideal gas. If (pi < 1, attractive forces dominate the system behavior, while 9 > 1 indicates that the repulsive forces are stronger. The fugacity and fugacity coefficient for pure species and for mixtures can be solved with available data from thermodynamic property tables, equations of state, or generalized correlations. In the case of mixtures, there are three levels of rigor from which to calculate the fugacity coefficient. 

References D. D. Wagman, et ah, The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, in J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 11 2,1982 M. W. Chase, et ah, JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed., American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics, 1986 (supplements to JANAF appear in J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data) Thermodynamic Research Center, TRC Thermodynamic Tables, Texas A M University, College Station, Texas I. Barin and O. Knacke, Thermochemical Properties of Inorganic Substances, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1973 J. B. Pedley, R. D. Naylor, and S. P. Kirby, Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, 2nd ed.. Chapman and Hall, London, 1986 V. Majer and V. Svoboda, Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Chemical Data Series No. 32, Blackwell, Oxford, 1985. 

D. D. Wagman and co-workers. The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties Selected Valuesfor Inorganic and and C Organic Substances in SI Units, in /. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 11, suppl. 2 (1982) M. W. Chase, Jr. and co-sso-rkers, JMNAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed.. Part II, in /. Phys. 

The thermodynamic properties of sulfur trioxide, and of the oxidation reaction of sulfur dioxide are summarized in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Thermodynamic data from Reference 49 are beheved to be more accurate than those of Reference 48 at temperatures below about 435°C. 

The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, ll(suppl. 2) (1982). 

The physical and thermodynamic properties of benzene are shown in Table 1 (2). Azeotrope data for benzene with selected compounds are shown in Table 2 (3). Benzene forms minimum-boiling azeotropes with many alcohols and hydrocarbons. Benzene also forms ternary azeotropes. 

The physical and thermodynamic properties of carbon monoxide are well documented in a number of excellent summaries (1 8). The thermochemical data cited here are drawn predominantly from references 1—3 physical property data from reference 5. A summary of particularly useful physical constants is presented in Table 1. 

Some physical, chemical, and thermodynamic properties of cumene ate Hsted in Tables 1 and 2 (2—6). Useful health and safety data have been included. 

Cyanuric acid is a titrable weak acid (pffai — 6.88, pifa2 — H-40, pffas — 13.5) (10). The pH of a saturated aqueous solution of pure CA at room temperature is - 4.8. Thermodynamic properties of CA are given ia Table 1. Spectroscopic data are available (1 3). Proton nmr is of limited usefulness because of proton exchange and CA s symmetry and low solubiUty. Nuclear quadmpole resonance measurements ( " N) have been reported (12). 

Generalized charts are appHcable to a wide range of industrially important chemicals. Properties for which charts are available include all thermodynamic properties, eg, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy and PVT data, compressibiUty factors, Hquid densities, fugacity coefficients, surface tensions, diffusivities, transport properties, and rate constants for chemical reactions. Charts and tables of compressibiHty factors vs reduced pressure and reduced temperature have been produced. Data is available in both tabular and graphical form (61—72). 

Theoretical and structural studies have been briefly reviewed as late as 1979 (79AHC(25)147) (discussed were the aromaticity, basicity, thermodynamic properties, molecular dimensions and tautomeric properties ) and also in the early 1960s (63ahC(2)365, 62hC(17)1, p. 117). Significant new data have not been added but refinements in the data have been recorded. Tables on electron density, density, refractive indexes, molar refractivity, surface data and dissociation constants of isoxazole and its derivatives have been compiled (62HC(17)l,p. 177). Short reviews on all aspects of the physical properties as applied to isoxazoles have appeared in the series Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry (1963-1976, vols. 1-6). 

From Water Density at Atmospheric Pressure and Temperatures from 0 to 100°C, Tables of Standard Handbook Data, Standartov, Moscow, 1978. To conserve space, only a few tables of density values are given. The reader is reminded that density values may he found as the reciprocal of the specific volume values tabulated in the Thermodynamic Properties Tables subsection. 

Additional data are contained in the subsection Thermodynamic Properties. Data on water are also contained in that subsection. Admtional tables for water are found in Eng. Sci. Data Item 68008, 251 Regent Street, London, England, which contains about 5000 values from 1 to 1000 bar, 0 to 1500°C. 

Examination of the thermodynamic properties of fluid tables shows how the viscosity varies with temperature. In order to obtain a general impression of this, consider the data in the thermal properties of fluid tables and the various values at different temperatures. 

If the fluid is not listed in Table 6.12 or Figure 6.30, thermodynamic data for the fluid at its initial and final (expanded to ambient pressure) states are needed as well. These data include the properties of the fluid ... 

A series of experiments have been undertaken to evaluate the relevant thermodynamic properties of a number of binary lithium alloy systems. The early work was directed towards determination of their behavior at about 400 °C because of interest in their potential use as components in molten salt batteries operating in that general temperature range. Data for a number of binary lithium alloy systems at about 400 °C are presented in Table 1. These were mostly obtained by the use of an experimental arrangement employing the LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt as a lithiumconducting electrolyte. 

Important thermodynamic properties that relate to the structure and stability of the chalcogen ailotropes and their polyatomic cations are the formation enthalpies listed in Table 2. Only reliable experimentally or quantum chemically established numbers have been included. From Table 2 it is evident that tellurium is the least investigated with respect to the entries thus, there is clearly space for more thorough experimental or quantum chemical work in this direction. Therefore, we have assessed the missing Te data from the IP determination in ref. 12 (PE spectroscopy) and ref. 13 (quantum chemical calculations) and have put them in the table in parentheses, although it is clear that the associated error bars are relatively high. The data in ref. 14 were not considered. 

In marked contrast to the n-alkanes, the cycloalkanes exhibit thermodynamic properties where such regularities are no longer present. Heats of formation (AH ) for a substantial number of cycloalkanes are available from heats of combustion. With the exception of cyclohexane, AH°f is always more positive than the quantity — 4.926n. The difference between the two quantities leads to a quantitative assessment of the important notion of ring strain. The AH -values and strain energy data listed in Table 1 were taken from Skinner and Pilcher (1963). Other references give different but usually comparable... 

Assume steady burning with the sample originally at 25 °C with a perfectly insulated bottom. At extinction you can ignore the flame radiation. Assume that all of the flakes hit the surface and ignore the gas phase effects of the extinguishment agents. Use thermodynamic properties of the C02 and H20, and the property data of PMMA from Table 9.2. 

The thermodynamic properties of single-component condensed phases are traditionally given in tabulated form in large data monographs. Separate tables are given for each solid phase as well as for the liquid and for the gas. In recent years analytical representations have been increasingly used to ease the implementation of the data in computations. These polynomial representations typically describe the thermodynamic properties above room temperature (or 200 K) only. 

Table 2.1 Thermodynamic properties of AIN at selected temperatures (data are taken from NIST-JANAF tables [17]). Enthalpy reference temperature = T = 298.15 K p° = 1 bar.

Results in Table I illustrate some of the strengths and weaknesses of the ST2, MCY and CF models. All models, except the MCY model, accurately predict the internal energy, -U. Constant volume heat capacity, Cv, is accurately predicted by each model for which data is available. The ST2 and MCY models overpredict the dipole moment, u, while the CF model prediction is identical with the value for bulk water. The ratio PV/NkT at a liquid density of unity is tremendously in error for the MCY model, while both the ST2 and CF models predictions are reasonable. This large error using the MCY model suggests that it will not, in general, simulate thermodynamic properties of water accurately (29). Values of the self-diffusion coefficient, D, for each of the water models except the CF model agree fairly well with the value for bulk water. 

The choice of a given database as source of auxiliary values may not be straightforward, even for a thermochemist. Consistency is a very important criterion, but factors such as the publication year, the assignment of an uncertainty to each value, and even the scientific reputation of the authors or the origin of the database matter. For instance, it would not be sensible to use the old NBS Circular 500 [22] when the NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties [17], published in 1982, is available. If we need a value for the standard enthalpy of formation of an organic compound, such as ethanol, we will probably prefer Pedley s Thermodynamic Data and Structures of Organic Compounds [15], published in 1994, which reports the error bars. Finally, if we are looking for the standard enthalpy of formation of any particular substance, we should first check whether it is included in CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics [16] or in the very recent Active Thermochemical Tables [23,24],... 

Special mention should be made of recently published volumes of the Landolt-Bomstein Tables, references (35) and (51). These contain a large amount of data on aqueous solutions presented in a compact form. Reference (58) cites a new handbook on the thermodynamic properties of inorganic compounds. It gives tables of enthalpy, Gibbs energy, entropy, and heat... 

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