Thermodynamics importance

The time that the trajectory must spend at / max to ensure that the equilibrium distribution is sampled is at least Tmin, the time required to surmount the largest barrier separating the global energy minimum from other thermodynamically important states. Using Eq. (39) we find... 

Before we describe the chemistry of the compartments involved, note that like prokaryotes, a number of oxidative enzymes are found in the cytoplasm but they do not release damaging chemicals (see Section 6.10). We also observed that such kinds of kinetic compartments are not enclosed by physical limitations such as membranes. We have also mentioned that increased size itself makes for kinetic compartments if diffusion is restricted. In this section, we see many additional advantages of eukaryotes from those given in Section 7.4. How deceptive it can be to use just the DNA, the all-embracing proteome, metabolome or metallome in discussing evolution without the recognition of the thermodynamic importance of compartments and their concentrations These data could be useful both here and in simpler studies of single-compartment bacteria even in the analysis of species but not much information is available. 

Equation (6) links, in a simple way, the thermodynamically important stability constants Kox and /Cred of a complex in different oxidation states with experimentally measurable redox potentials EH and EHa. Therefore it provides an easy way to obtain the ratio of KoxIKted, which is a theoretically useful parameter known as the binding enhancement factor (BEF). We propose that a better description for this ratio would be the reaction coupling efficiency (RCE) since binding by so-called molecular switches may be reduced or enhanced, depending upon the particular system involved. Equation (6) also allows the calculation of Kox if Kted is known or vice versa. 

The short Li—Li distances (often much shorter than those in the metal and in the Li2 molecule) found in the structures of many organolithium compounds do not imply that lithium-lithium bonding is of thermodynamic importance in these species. Close approach of Li centers is usually dictated by the need for acute angles at bridging atoms (E), e.g., of (ELi)n rings (n = 2 and 3 especially). Thus, the distances represent the optimization of maximized E—Li bridge bonding and minimized Li8+—Li8+ repulsions. 

Although the disproportionation to peroxide and oxygen is thermodynamically important, it is slow when millimolar concentrations are involved. 

Headspace techniques can be used to determine a number of thermodynamically important properties relating to vapor-liquid equilibria. The technique has been used to develop distillation procedures specifically where the selection of solvents in extractive distillation is required. Vapor pressures of pure... 

Another key factor is the viscosity of the melt at the hquidus temperature. The liquidus temperature of a melt is defined thermodynamically as the temperature above which the melt is stable as a liquid. Whether this Hquid is very fluid or very viscous is not of thermodynamic importance. At temperatures below the liquidus temperature, the melt begins to devitrify (i.e., develop crystals) the extent of devitrification depends on the glass chemical composition, the temperature and the time allowed. 

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