Ecosystem structure

Giicker B, Brauns M, Pusch M (2006) Effects of wastewater treatment plant discharge on ecosystem structure and function of lowland streams. J N Am Benthol Soc 25 313-329... 

D. J. Read, Ectomycorrhizas in the ecosystem structural, functional and community aspects. Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae. Molecular Approaches (V. Stocchi. P. Bonfante, and M. Nuti, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, 1995. pp. 1-23. 

Most of our knowledge of the biological effects of petrolemn pollution is based on studying the acute effects of major spills or heavily contaminated sediments. These effects tend to be directly lethal. Acute toxicity has been foimd to be largely related to water solubility, with cmnulative toxicity reflecting the smn of the effects of each individual hydrocarbon. Relatively little is known about the effects of chronic exposures at lower concentrations, especially in the presence of other stressors, such as heavy metals. Effects of chronic inputs from land-based sources on populations, communities, and ecosystem structure and function are also not sufficiently known. 

Likens, G. E., and F. H. Bormann. Nutrient cycling in ecosystems, pp. 25-67. In J. A. Wiens, Ed. Ecosystem Structure and Function. Proceedings of the Thirty-first Annual Biology Colloquium, 1970. Corvallis Oregon State Unhrerrity Press, 1972. 

Sieburth, J.M., Smetacek, V. and Lenz, 3., 1978. Pelagic ecosystem structure ... 

VII. Elemental Acquisition in Humic Lakes Implications for Ecosystem Structure and Function 205... 

VII. ELEMENTAL ACQUISITION IN HUMIC LAKES IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION... 

Given how the DOM-Fe-P complex influences ecosystem structure, it is also likely that the DOM-Fe-P complex influences humic lake ecosystem function in terms of C metabolism. First, the bacterial conversion of dissolved C into biomass it is quite low, with an average of 25 % across a trophic gradient (del Giorgio et al., 1997). And despite the evidence that bacteria may be better equipped to acquire the Fe and P bound to DOM, the added energetic expenditure in acquiring these elements may result in a significant... 

Freedman, Bill (1989). Environmental Ecology The Impacts of Pollution and Other Stresses on Ecosystem Structure and Function. San Diego Academic Press. 

The recovery principle also presupposes that the environment can absorb and tolerate a certain amount of stress. The stressor should be limited to an intensity or concentration less than that at which long-term adverse impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning occur. From a scientific point of view, periodically occurring declines in population densities can be considered a normal phenomenon in ecosystems. In the course of evolution, organisms have developed a large variety of strategies to survive and cope with temporally variable unfavorable conditions such as desiccation,... 

More and more studies evaluating whether the HC5 values are protective for ecosystem structure and function are becoming available (Assumption 9 Emans et al. 1993 Solomon et al. 1996 Versteeg et al. 1999 Smit et al. 2002 Selck et al. 2002 van den Brink et al. 2002a Brock et al. 2004 Hose and Van den Brink 2004 Maltby et al. 2005). In general, all authors concluded that the SSD concept (in the form of an HC5) can provide a cost-effective risk evaluation to establish acceptable concentrations to set targets for pesticides in the aquatic environment (see Figure 4.5... 

Geyer, W.R., Morris, J.T., Prahl, F.G., and Jay, D.A. (2000) Interaction between physical processes and ecosystem structure a comparative approach. In Estuarine Science A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice (Hobbie, J.E., ed.), pp. 177-206, Island Press, Washington, DC. 

Humborg, C., Ittekot, V., Cociasu, A., and von Bodungen, B. (1997) Effect of Danube river on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure. Nature 386, 385-388. 

Pasquer B, Laruelle G, Becquevort S, Schoemann V, Go-osse H, Lancelot C (2005) Linking ocean biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure and function results of the complex Swamco-4 model. J Sea Res 53 93-108... 

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