Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry

Schnitzer M, Schulten HR. The analysis of soil organic-matter by pyrolysis field-ionization mass-spectrometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1992 56 1811-1817. 

Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CpPy-CC/MS) of soils... 

A more realistic approach is a separation of a mixture of free molecules and structural units linked to the network by single bonds, after these bonds have been cleaved by heat treatment of the coal. An insight into the composition of such mixture can provide information on the nature of species that are likely to be associated with the mobile protons. It seems that pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry can be used in order to attain this goal. 

Seven Argonne Premium coal samples ranging from lignite to low volatile bituminous in rank were analyzed by Pyrolysis-Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Py-FIMS) in order to determine the existence and structural nature of a thermally extractable "mobile phase". In addition, Curie-point Pyrolysis-Low Voltage Mass Spectrometry (Py-LVMS) was employed to demonstrate the importance of mild oxidation on the thermally extractable mobile phase components. 

Analytical pyrolysis is defined as the characterization of a material or a chemical process by the instrumental analysis of its pyrolysis products (Ericsson and Lattimer, 1989). The most important analytical pyrolysis methods widely applied to environmental samples are Curie-point (flash) pyrolysis combined with electron impact (El) ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Cp Py-GC/MS) and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). In contrast to the fragmenting El ionization, soft ionization methods, such as field ionization (FI) and field desorption (FD) each in combination with MS, result in the formation of molecule ions either without, or with only very low, fragmentation (Lehmann and Schulten, 1976 Schulten, 1987 Schulten and Leinweber, 1996 Schulten et al., 1998). The molecule ions are potentially similar to the original sample, which makes these methods particularly suitable to the investigation of complex environmental samples of unknown composition. 

Figure 14.5. Fatty acids patterns of soils under long-term monoculture, (a) Lipid extract of soil under maize, unfertilized, after derivatization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide determined by conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in comparison to direct, in-source pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) without derivatization (Jandl et al., unpublished), (b) Py-FIMS of lipid extract of soil under rye, farmyard manure (FYM) treatment, compared to solid extraction residue, both directly measured without derivatization. Reprinted from Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., Dreves, A., et al. (2008). How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 91-110, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

Bahr, U., and Schulten, H.-R. (1983). Pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry of cell wall components and bacterial cell walls. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 5,27-37. 

Melnitchouck, A., Leinweber, E, Eckhardt, K.-U., and Beese, R. (2005). Qualitative differences between day- and nighttime rhizodeposition in maize (Zea mays L.) as investigated by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37,155-162. 

Numerous studies have been performed on polyethylene pyrolysis [22-41]. These studies include flash pyrolysis in He, in air, in the presence of various catalysts, in the presence of steam, under pressure, etc. Also, besides analytical pyrolysis, some of the studies were performed at slow heating rates that better simulate pyrolysis in industrial incinerators. Most frequently, the analysis of polyethylene pyrolysates has been done using GC/MS. However, other techniques also were applied, such as pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry [42]. 

Plage, B. and Schulten, H.R., Sequences in Copolymers Studied by High-Mass Oligomers in Pyrolysis-Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Angew Makromol Chem, 184, 133 (1991). 

Schulten, H. R., Plage, B., Ohtani, H., and Tsuge, S., Studies on the Thermal Degradation of Polyamides by Pyrolysis-Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Pyrolysis-Gas Ghromatography, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 155,1,1987. 

Lattimer, R. P, Pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry of hydrocarbon polymers, /. Anal Appl Pyrol, 39, 115, 1997. 

Schulten, H.-R., Simmleit, N., and Mueller, R., High-temperature, high-sensitivity pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry Anal Chem., 59, 2903,1987. 

Plage, B., Schulten, H.-R., Schneider, J., and Ringsdorf, H., Bulk reactions in amphiphilic acrylic copolymers studied by time/temperature-resolved pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Macromolecules, 23, 3417,1990. 

Lattimer, R. P, Direct analysis of p>ol3q)ropylene compounds by thermal desorption and pyrolysis-mass sp>ectrometry /. Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 26, 65,1993. Lattimer, R. P, Pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry of hydrocarbon polymers, /. Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 39,115,1997. 

TABLE 5.4 Pyrolysis Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Tentatively Assigned Pyrolyzates of Aromatic Polyamides [74] Relative abundance m/z Thermal degradation products Kevlar Nomex ... 

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