Crude still

Dyess. C. E., Putting a 70,000 bbl/day Crude Still Onstream, Chemical Engineering Progress, August 1973, p. 98. 

In the processing of petroleum the first step is the removal of salt water. The presence of salt water in any processing steps would mean that expensive corrosion-resistant materials are required for those steps. This would greatly increase the price of the equipment (see Chapter 9). After removing the salt water, the next major separation is the crude still where the feed is split into six or more large-volume streams to reduce the size of future processing equipment. 

Crude still distillation (q.v.) equipment in which crude oil is separated into various products. 

Example The dew point is defined an all-vapor system except for one very small increment of liquid. Now take the feed again, and consider the fact that this is a flash-off crude still sidestream vapor at 20 psig (34.7 psia). The dew point is to be determined to set the proper sidestream stripper overhead temperature for this desired product. This problem is worked similarly to the bubble point. Simply hold the pressure (34.7 psia) constant, and vary the temperature. Note that when you find the temperature at which just a small amount of liquid is formed, the sign SYSTEM IS ALL VAPOR goes off and the flash component summary appears. Note also that the previous flash summary will remain on the screen (if you had a previous run) until you input a flash zone temperature and click on Run Prog. 

Figure 3 shows the crude runs necessary to meet our refined product demand forecast. The forecast includes two scenarios one of normal trendline growth portrayed by several industry observers and Pacefs own outlook for refinery crude runs based on a "cyclical11 economic forecasting model. Our forecast shows runs to crude stills will remain below 12.5 million barrels per day for the remainder of the decade. 

Crude Still Hudrode- sulfurizer and Reformer Chem- ical Mis- cella- neous Crude Still Hudrode- sulfurlzer and Reformer Chem- ical Mis- cella- neous Crude Still Hudrode- sulfurlzer and Reformer Chem- ical Mis- cella- neous... 

The residue in the bottom of the still is continuously discharged from the crude still to the foots still. The residue should be kept rich in glycerol (>25%) to improve handling and distillation characteristics. A small amount (0.5-1%) of... 

The naphtha/gasoline, kerosine, and higher boiling streams will usually be sharpened to narrower boiling ranges than obtained directly from the crude still by heating with steam in a reboiler to strip (remove by vaporization) the excess volatiles. Alternatively, these streams may be redistilled in small columns to separate each of them into two or three separate sharper fractions. 

The corresponding crude oil fraction (from Light Arabian crude) still contains 32% (14% of crude) as a nondistillable asphalt. 

The undistilled residue in the crude still can be made to yield a high-viscosity lubricant, used mostly in heavy-duty gear oils, by treating it with liquid propane under pressure to precipitate resins and asphalt and then putting the material recovered from the propane solution... 

CRACKING PRODUCTS REFINERY PRODUCTS CRUDE STILL FRACTIONS... 

Tables VII and VIII analyze rather precisely what has been achieved to change the profit so sharply. Table VII gives the divisor effect. Note that the divisors on the crude still and reformer in Case 04 are marginal in Case 07 they are fully competitive by fuels refinery standards. The production of co-product benzene has also increased tremendously.

In the following discussion of design-parameters, it should be evident that not all parameters are of equal importance in all operations. Pressure drop, for example, is of central importance in vacuum crude stills-but of little import in the liquid-liquid extraction of penicillin from fermentation mashes stage efficiency is not important in the design of a whiskey distilling column, which requires few stages, but it can be critical for a deisobutanizer, which may require over 100 stages. 

One half mole of crude, still moist n-bulylboronic acid (cf. preceding preparation) is placed in a 200-ml. flask fitted with a distilling head, a downward condenser and a receiver deeply immersed in a —78°C cooling bath. The receiver is connected to a trap maintained... 

Figure 6-3. Vacuum crude still. This 40-ft ID tower was revamped from trays to random packing.

Vacuum Crude Stills Coefficient d for Heat Transfer Equation 6-25... 

Atmospheric Crude Stills Coefficient r for Heat Transfer Equation 6-26... 

Vacmun crude still— A vacuum tower that processes the bottoms from an atmospheric pressure distillation of crude oil. 

Water Cooling Theory, Cooling Tower Design, Cooling Tower Fill, Gas Quench Towers, Quench Tower Design, Total Condenser Theory, Total Condenser Design, Partial Condenser Theory, Chlorine Gas Cooling, Vacuum Crude Stills, Atmospheric Crude Stills, Olefin Primary Fractionator, Olefin Water Quench Tower, Example Problem, Notation, References... 

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