Crops trade

Cotton is the single most important crop traded in the world with over 80% of cotton being grown in the southern USAf The American Civil War triggers the globalization of cotton production as US distribution networks are disrupted, prompting other countries to initiate cultivation. 

Eight major oilseed crops traded in international markets account for more than 95% of the world s vegetable oil. These include soybean, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, rapeseed, flaxseed, copra and palm kernel. Soybean is unique among these oilseed crops in that it also contains about 40% dry weight protein. Because of the large amounts of both oil and protein, soybean has dominated world oilseed production. The US, Brazil and China produce most of the world s soybean crop and as a widely traded commodity it is available throughout the world as a cheap source of quality protein and oil. 

Ammonium ichthosulfonate. See Ichthammol Ammonium imazaquin Synonyms 2-4,5-Dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1 -methylethyl )-5-oxide Uses Herbicide for soybean crops Trade Name Synonyms Scepter [BASF/Agri] Ammonium iodide... 

Hoekstra, A.Y. and Hung, P.Q. (2002) Virtual water trade A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 11, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Netherlands. 

Metasystox A trade name for demeton-methyl, C[Pg.257]

When illegal residues have been found in monitoring studies conducted by the FDA or USD A, the reason has often been that no U.S. tolerance had been requested for that particular pesticide in that specific crop. For example, an imported crop would be deemed to be adulterated and would be seized at the port of entry into the United States if found to contain a pesticide residue in the absence of a tolerance in that crop. This is so even if tolerances have been set for the same pesticide in several crops grown in the United States and the pesticide had been used to control a pest that does not exist in the United States. Furthermore, an international maximum residue level (MRL) might already have been estabUshed for that pesticide—crop combination under the Codex system of standards for food of importance in international trade. The U.S. GAO issued two reports on food safety and pesticides in 1991 (89,90). 

C. Tomlin, ed.. The Pesticides Manual A World Compendium, Incorporating the Agrochemicals Handbook, 10th ed.. The British Crop Protection Council and The Royal Society of Chemistry, Crop Protection PubHcations, Cambridge, U.K., 1994. Includes 725 entries by common name in alphabetic order, with chemical stmcture, chemical name(s), molecular formula, CAS Registry Number, physicochemical properties, commercialisation, mode of action, uses, trade names, analytical methods, mammalian toxicology, ecotoxicology, and environmental fate. 

Soybeans are the most important oilseed in international trade. The United States, Bra2il, and Argentina are the main suppHers to the export markets. In 1994—1995, United States exports of 22.0 x 10 metric tons represented 32% of the domestic production, 16% of the world crop, and 69% of the international trade in soybeans. The European Union, Japan, Mexico, and Taiwan were the largest importers of soybeans (51). Japan, which produces <5% of its soybean needs, is the largest single soybean customer of the United States. Japan imported 3.4 x 10 t in 1994 (51). The United States also exports processed soybean products, eg, oil and meal. For 1990—1993, an average of 47% of the crop was exported as whole beans and processed products. 

This chapter will cover the production of coffee, tea, and cocoa, which comprise the primary crops that account for the majority of worldwide caffeine consumption. Caffeine-containing crops and products comprise a large share of the international market and are primary commodities for many national economies.3 4 Trade of such products is also important in the understanding of availability, market demand, and overall exposure to caffeine from various sources. Information is presented to a lesser degree for soft drinks, many of which do contain caffeine and are consumed primarily in the industrialized nations. Another source of caffeine exposure which contributes less than any beverages and foods under consideration are prescription and non-prescription medications, which are described in lesser detail. 

Organic pesticide conventional alternative Trade name LD50a cPADb,e aPADc,e PEAS EIUd EIU crop... 

Currently, ethanol is produced from sugar beets and from molasses. A typical yield is 72.5 liters of ethanol per ton of sugar cane. Modem crops yield 60 tons of sugar cane per hector of land. Production of ethanol from biomass is one way to reduce both the consumption of erode oil and environmental pollution. Domestic production and use of ethanol for fuel can decrease dependence on foreign oil, reduce trade deficits, create jobs in rural areas, reduce air pollution, and reduce global climate change carbon dioxide build-up. 

Leatham, G. F. Leonard, T. J. In Shiitake Mushrooms a National Symposium and Trade Show, Alternative Crop Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 1989 pp 19-28. 

Chemical substances make a vital contribution to almost aU aspects of the hves of human beings. Chemicals bring about improvements in the health of the population and our quahty of life through new developments in, for example, treatment of disease, food safety, or crop protection. They also make a vital contribution to the economic and social well-being of citizens in terms of trade and employment. The global production of chemicals has increased from about 1 rnilhon tons in 1930 to more than 400 million tons today, and more than 100,000 different chemical substances are now on the market. 

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