Credible environment

A credible environment is an identified potential environment that is reasonable and realistic based on the best information available. A credible environment is one that a device or system may be exposed to during its life cycle (manufacturing to tactical employment or eventual demilitarization). These environments include extremes of temperature and humidity, EM effects, line voltages, lightning, and so on. Combinations of environments that can be reasonably expected to occur must also be considered within the context of credible environments. System safety should consider all credible environments when conducting an HA to identify system hazards. 

Access and egress to vital safe shutdown monitoring and control stations shall be available during all credible environments and events. 

Emergency lighting qualified to credible environments and events, and is available for at least 72 hours, shall be provided for these routes, as well as for the safe shutdown monitoring and control stations. The battery supply for these lights shall be qualified for at least 8 hours at the lowest allowable voltage level. 

Communications between safe shutdown monitoring and control stations and appropriate emergency stations shall be available and capable of performing their intended functions during and after credible environments and events, including loss of offsite power. The... 

Where technology is central to competitive success, such a breakdown in the management of technology can become a serious threat to long-term corporate performance. This situation has created a challenging environment for technology leaders as they stmggle to reestabUsh their credibility and reassert their leadership in the business. 

To formulate a model is to put together pieces of knowledge about a particular system into a consistent pattern that can form the basis for (1) interpretation of the past history of the system and (2) prediction of the future of the system. To be credible and useful, any model of a physical, chemical or biological system must rely on both scientific fundamentals and observations of the world around us. High-quality observational data are the basis upon which our understanding of the environment rests. However, observations themselves are not very useful unless the results can be interpreted in some kind of model. Thus observations and modeling go hand in hand. 

Modeling of evaluative and real environments should be viewed as complementary. Evaluative models are particularly suitable for assessment of new chemicals, for comparing chemicals, and for obtaining general chemical behavior profiles. Real models are obviously best used for elucidating the actual or potential nature of contamination situations and remedial actions. The use of similar or identical calculation techniques in both is very desirable since success in the real case may lead to greater credibility in the evaluative case. 

A chemical property, energy source, or physical condition that has the potential to cause illness, injury, or death to personnel, or damage to property or to the environment, without regard for the likelihood or credibility of potential accidents or the mitigation of consequences. 

The differences among the three terms are not just of theoretical interest. They touch nearly every aspect of our daily lives because they are central to the functions of the agencies that protect the public health and the environment. Specifically, to be credible, these agencies must base their actions on "accepted scientific knowledge. Consequently, they collect enormous amounts of experimental data. These data, however, are of little use until they are first converted to scientific information and then placed in the context of other relevant scientific information and thereby become knowledge. 

The analysis in this note lends credibility to the findings of Van Huis and Schaefer and indicates a relation to the complex formation of the chloryl and the oxygen molecule. It will be necessary to include an environment in theoretical calculations to bring this matter further. 

All interviews and articles were reviewed for each firm. Following this, studies were eliminated from further analysis if they did not contain content reflecting the Project Evergreen guidelines (strategy, environment, people), over-sampled particular time-frames (generally selected studies were balanced across both the years and periods of the study, adjusted slightly for publication lag), or lacked source credibility (for example. Fortune, the Wall Street Journal, and Business Week were preferred over obscure journals and publications). 

Although many supplements are commonly advertised as being natural, this does not make them automatically safer or better than drugs or synthetic ingredients. In many cases, there is much less credible information about the effects of particular natural products or their ingredients, and there is more product variability. Product quality and variability are known safety concerns (27,28). Natural products can contain anything found in our environment—including pesticides, bacteria, molds, heavy metals, and other poisons—as has been documented in the literature. 

In 1985,1 left OTA, and during 1986 through 1990,1 worked at a consulting firm, Environ, and a middle-of-the-road think tank, Resources for the Future. My book Dioxin, Agent Orange was published in 1986, and I continued to do research related to dioxin and became more and more convinced that few if any Vietnam veterans had any exposure to dioxin beyond the level common in all people, and that there was no credible evidence that environmental exposures to dioxin caused health effects.36... 

In exposure characterization, credible and relevant data are analyzed to describe the source(s) of stressors, the distribution of stressors in the environment, and the contact or co-occurrence of stressors with ecological receptors. An exposure profile is developed that identifies receptors and exposure pathways, describes the intensity and spatial and temporal extent of exposure, describes the impact of variability and uncertainty on exposure estimates, and presents a conclusion about the likelihood that exposure will occur. 

Describe possible mechanisms by which hazardous substances could be released from a disposal facility. A credible series of processes and events that could result in release of hazardous substances from the disposal site to a portion of the environment that is accessible to humans and the probability that these processes and events would occur, often called a release scenario, is developed. Release scenarios for waste disposal facilities generally should include considerations of inadvertent human intrusion resulting from normal activities, such as excavation or drilling, as well as releases to air and groundwater due to natural processes and events. 

---