Cotton industry

Effect of Conditioning Humidity on the Electrical Resistance of Rayon Yams, British Cotton Industry Research Association, London, 1945. 

Pests and Insecticides. The most destmctive pests of the cotton plant are the boU weevil and the boUworm/budworm complex. They are serious threats to the cotton industry in countries around the world. The boU weevil migrated from Mexico around 1892 and spread over the entire cotton belt within 30 years. The domestic cotton crop lost to the weevil is worth 200 million a year. In addition, about 75 million a year is spent for pesticides to control this destmctive pest (8). Unfortunately, some insecticides used to control the weevil kill many beneficial insects. Among the undesired casualties are insects that help to control the boUworm and the tobacco budworm, pests that cause another 200 million loss in cotton. 

Man has served as the unintentional guinea pig for the identification of some major classes of carcinogens. These include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), or polyarenes, which have been identified as the active components of soot, which was recognized by the London surgeon Percivall Pott two centuries ago as responsible for cancer of the scrotum in chimney sweeps. Subsequently, polycyclic hydrocarbons have been implicated as agents responsible for skin cancer in other occupations such as shale oil distillation and mule spinning in the cotton industry. 

OSHA has determined that worker exposure to cotton dust presents a significant health hazard cotimonly referred to as byssinosis ( ). This respiratory disease is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness. Permissible exposure limits have been established for selected processes in the cotton industry 200 ug/ni or less in yarn manufacturing,... 

Botanical Trash and Gram-Negative Bacterial Contents of Materials Utilized by the Cotton Industry... 

The prevalence of byssinosis is less in nontextile cotton industries than in the cotton textile industry. It is... 

Content of Gram Negative Bacteria, Leaflike Trash and Total Trash in Materials Processed by Cotton Industries... 

Airborne endotoxin was collected in gins, waste recyclers, oil mills and textile cardrooms (Table VI) to see whether an airborne microbial parameter might correlate with the contents of leaflike trash and GNB entrained in materials being processed by various cotton industries. In gins, oil mills and waste recyclers levels of airborne endotoxin were significantly lower than those generally found in textile cardrooms. 

The OSHA standard establishes a permissible exposure limit of 200 ug/m for yarn manufacturing, 750 ug/m for slashing and weaving, and 500 pg/m for all other processes in the cotton industry and for nontextile industries where there is exposure to cotton dust (1). The standard specifies that concentration is... 

Two additional studies of cotton workers also found no excess mortality from respiratory disease but differed in other findings. In the first report of 3458 British cotton industry... 

Hodgson JT, Jones RD Mortality of workers in the British cotton industry in 1968-1984. Scand 7 Work Environ Health 16 113-120, 1990... 

The standard presents OSHA s determination that exposure to cotton dust presents a significant health hazard to employees and establishes permissible exposure limits for selected processes in the cotton industry and for non-textile industries where there is exposure to cotton dust. The cotton dust standard also provides for employee exposure monitoring, engineering controls and work practices, respirators, employee training, medical surveillance, signs and record keeping. 

Tetrakishydroxymethylphosphonium salts (THPC, THPS, etc.) are of major importance as raw material monomers in the flame-retardant treatment of cotton (industrial protective clothing, furnishing fabrics, etc.). Proban chemicals are produced from THPC or THPS with urea194. These compounds have been often patented as additives of natural and artificial fibres210,211, coatings 212,213 and in fire-proofing solution for wood214. 

BCotIRA British Cotton Industry Research Association... 

Sung Jae Koh, Stages of Industrial Development in Asia a Comparative History of the Cotton Industry in Japan, India, China, and Korea, Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996, pp. 88-90, 190-200. 

Farnie, D. A. (1979). The English Cotton Industry and the World Market, 1815-1896. Oxford Clarendon Press. 

Corner obtained a position with the British Cotton Industry Research Association, Manchester, in 1928, working initially in the rayon department where she developed a fascination with microanalysis. As a result of her acquired background, she was promoted to Head of the Microanalytical Section then in 1945, she obtained a similar post with the British Leather Manufacturers Research Association. Two years later, Comer was invited to become Head of the newly formed Microanalytical Section of the Chemical Research Laboratory (later the National Chemical Laboratory). 

Then, she joined the staff of the British Cotton Industry Research Association at the Shirley Institute, Manchester, researching the minor constituents of cotton — particularly the complex mixture of substances present in cotton wax and their reaction products during the bleaching and finishing of cotton fibre. Her results were published in a series of papers in the Textile Industry Journal and in the Memoirs of the Shirley Institute. 

As a raw material for military items, cotton equips and helps support the military of every country. Many textile items are required by the armed forces in war and peace. It has been recognized by leading authorities on textiles and the national defense that too great a dependence upon fibers drawn from petrochemical feedstocks could present undesirable hazards to the military services from a supply standpoint [622,623]. A strong, viable cotton industry is essential to the defense capabilities of every country. 

Belhia, A., The Cotton industry in Azerbaijan, Cotton International, 1992, p. 192. 

Present address British Cotton Industry Research Association, Shirley Institute, Didsbury, Manchester 20, England. 

Many substances wiU prevent the growth of mildew. Zinc, copper, and mercury salts, phenols, chlorophenols, and phenylphenols have been used. Zinc chloride is very effective and was used extensively in the past, but it was not without objections, such as a tendency to cause tendering, particai-larly during singeing. The British Cotton Industry Research Association found that salicylanUide ... 

In 1923, in the early days of the British Cotton Industry Research Association, seven reviews of literature pertaining to cotton were published in the Transactions section of the Joiirnal of the Textile Institute (94)-... 

Botanical and agronomical aspects of cotton are treated in The Wild and Cultivated Cotton Plants of the World by Sir George Watt (104) The Development and Properties of Raw Cotton (90) and Studies in the Quality of Cotton (Pf) by W. Lawrence Balls, one of the deans of the cotton industry in Cotton History, Species, Variety, Morphology, Breeding, Culture, Diseases, Marketing and Uses by H. B. Brown (95) and in The Evolution of Gossypium by Hutchinson, Silow, and Stephens (96). 

Bowman, F. H., The Structure of the Cotton Fibre, London, Macmillan Co., 1908. British Cotton Industry Research Association, Didsbury, England, Research in the Cotton Industry. A Review of the Work of the British Cotton Industry Research Association up to the End of 1926, 1927. 

British Cotton Industry Research Association, Summary of Current Literature, Manchester, Eng.,... 

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