Cosmetics skin preparation products

The human skin is a rather complex structure, which protects the body against the environment. The aim of the different cosmetics is to repair and restore the original balance of elements in skin structure. Cosmetic preparations would need to consider any reaction between them and the components of the skin. Skin creams are known to be composed of a variety of ingredients, which are based on end use (hands, feet, face, hair, etc.), and some speciality products that are applied to the skin to repair effects such as dryness. We will now consider some recipes for skin creams. Since the number of personal care emulsion creams is very large, only a few typical examples are given here. A variety of emulsion skin care products are found commercially that claim to exhibit properties for nurturing and protecting the skin. 

A small proportion of caffeine finds application in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of migraine, pain and fever. It is occasionally administered in combination with analgesics, since caffeine augments their activity. The cosmetics industry uses caffeine as a blood-circulation-enhancing agent for skin preparations. Caffeine is needed for the production of copier paper ( Diazopaper ). The lion s share however accounts for sodas and energy drinks (Coca-Cola , PepsiCola , Red BulP), but also a host of other caffeinated food products, which has already attracted the FDA s attention. 

There are numerous pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications and formulations containing lactic acid, sodium and calcium lactates, and a range of acyl lactates. Calcium lactate is widely used for treating calcium deficiency. Lactates are added to many cosmetic products as moisturizers, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. Lactates have been promoted in skin care products for improving skin texture and appearance (Smith 1993). Ethyl lactate is an active ingredient in antiacne preparations (Datta et al. 1995). 

In food products, vitamins are mainly added to replace losses in processing, or to fortily the product, but are also used as antioxidants or colourants. In the pharmaceutical industry, vitamins are used in supplement preparations such as tablets or capsules. Vitamins are also used in the cosmetics industry in skin care, hair care and oral hygiene products. Vitamins have been added to skin care products to boost the skin s antioxidant or anti-inflammatory response. They also function as immune system strengtheners, clarifiers or wrinkle redncers. 

P. is always the by-product of - glycerol manufacturing due to self-condensation whereby several glycerol molecules are linked together under elimination of water (etherlinkages). Color problems and the lack of constant quality are, however, the reason not to use this by-product but to make p. in a separate process (alkali-catalyzed condensation of glycerol). Isolation and purification are accomplished by ketal formation with acetone. The properties and uses are similar to glycerol. - . esters of fatty acids find use as emulsifiers in cosmetics and food. Esters of p. with polyhydroxy stearic acid are modern solubilizer in oily components of skin preparations. Lit Ullmann (5.)A12,487... 

Abbreviations of prominent use properties of the various classes of commercial surfactants are shown in Table 1. Antimicrobial activity includes germicidal, bactericidal, and bacteriostatic effects emolliency describes lubrication or a soft feel imparted to skin by surfactants a hair conditioner is a substantive surfactant appHed from aqueous solution to impart a lubricating or antistatic effect and opacifters are used to thicken hand-dishwashing products and cosmetic preparations to convey an appearance of high concentration and to retard solvent drainage from foam. 

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. The presence of water is essential for activity, hence 100% ethanol is ineffective. Concentrations between 60 and 95% are bactericidal but a 70% solution is usually employed for the disinfection of skin, clean instruments or surfaces. At higher concentrations, e.g. 90%, ethanol is also active against most viruses, including TUV. Ethanol is also a popular choice in pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetic products as a solvent and preservative. 

Cosmetic Rinse off Preparations. In certain cosmetic products, tor example hair shampoos, it is not possible to use complexing agents because of the irritation of mucous membranes. Here a low sensitivity of surfactants to water hardness is a precondition for their application. Foam formation is generally considered to be a measure of shampoo quality (Table V). With increase in water hardness the foam volume of alkyl sulfates decreases very much, whereas with the corresponding alkyl ether sulfates this decrease is relatively small. For cosmetic applications, the good skin compatibility and low irritation to mucous membranes of alkyl ether sulfates is of high importance (37). 

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