Cortex monkey

Youngren KD, Inglis FM, Pivirotto PJ et al (1999) Clozapine preferentially increases dopamine release in the rhesus monkey prefrontal cortex compared with the caudate nucleus. Neuropsychopharmacology 20 403-12... 

Both amphetamine and cocaine have also been reported to support intracranial self-administration in the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system. Rats will self-administer cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex (Goeders and Smith 1983). while amphetamine is self-administered into the orbitofrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys (Phillips and Rolls 1981) and the nucleus accumbens of rats (Hoebel et al. 1983 Monaco et al. 1981). These data indicate that the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system is involved in the initiation of stimulant reinforcement processes, and this work suggests that the region of the nucleus accumbens, more specifically the mesolimbic dopamine system, may be an important substrate for reinforcing properties of several psychomotor stimulant drugs. 

Homung, J.-P. Fritschy, J.-M. and Fork, I. Distribution of serotonergic axons forming pericellular arrays in the cerebral cortex of the marmoset monkey. Abstract. Experientia 43 686, 1987. 

Kosofsky, B.E. Molliver, M.E. Morrison, J.H. and Foote, S.L. The serotonin and norepinephrine innervation of primary visual cortex in the Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Comp Neurol 230 168-178, 1984. 

Morrison, J.H. Foote, S.L. Molliver, M.E. Bloom, F.E. and Lidov, H.G.W. Noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers innervate complementary layers in monkey primary visual cortex An immunohistochemi-cal study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 2401-2405, 1982. 

Wilson, M.A. The organization of serotonergic projections to cerebral cortex in the macaque monkey. Ph.D. Thesis. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. In preparation. 

Wilson, M.A., and Molliver, M.E. Serotonin iimervation in visual areas of cerebral cortex in macaque monkeys Laminar distribution of tine and beaded axons. Abstr Soc Neurosci 15 5686, in press. 

TABLE 1. Selective dose-related depletion of serotonin in cerebral cortex of monkeys administered MDMA 2 weeks previously... 

Gaspar P., Stepniewska I., Kaas J. H. (1992). Topography and collateralization of the dopaminergic projections to motor and lateral prefrontal cortex in owl monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 325(1), 1-21. 

Distribution studies by whole-body autoradiography in rats and monkeys revealed accumulation of radiolabel in the liver, kidney, lung, adrenal cortex and stomach. In fetuses exposed in utero, only the eye lens accumulated radiolabel at a higher concentration than that observed in maternal blood (Sandberg and Slanina 1980). 

Smiley, J. F., Levey, A. I., Ciliax, B. J. and Goldman-Rakic, P. S. D1 dopamine receptor immunoreactivity in human and monkey cerebral cortex predominant and extrasynaptic localization in dendritic spines. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 5720-5724,1994. 

Aoki, C.,Venkatesan, C., Go, C. G., Forman, R. and Kurose, H. Cellular and subcellular sites for noradrenergic action in the monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as revealed by the immunocytochemical localization of noradrenergic receptors and axons. Cereb. Cortex 8 269-277,1998. 

CYP19 mRNA of adult Rhesus monkey is high in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis > medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamus > amygdala intermediate in the medial basal hypothalamus > lateral preoptic/anterior hypothalamus and low In the septum > lateral-dorsal-medial hypothalamus undetectable in cingulate and parietal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum (Abdelgadir et al., 1997). 

CYPIBI mRNA in male and female Rhesus monkey frontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala CYPIBI protein colocalized with mRNA in female brains but restricted to hippocampal pyramidal neurons in male brains (Scallet et al., 2005). 

Chronic nicotine induces CYP2E1 expression in cortical pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells no change seen in temporal cortex, hippocampus, putamen, or thalamus of monkey brain (Joshi and Tyndale, 2005, 2006). 

High concentrations of radioactivity were observed in body fat and livers of rats, mice, and squirrel monkeys given oral doses of 60 mg/kg " C-labeled chloroform (Brown et al. 1974a). The maximum levels of radioactivity in the blood appeared within 1 hour and were 3 pg equivalents chloroform/mL for mice and 10 pg equivalents chloroform/mL for monkeys, which represented -0.35 and 1%, respectively, of the total radioactivity. In monkeys, bile concentrations peaked within 6 hours. The distribution of radioactively labeled chloroform was studied in three strains of mice (Taylor et al. 1974). No strain-related differences were observed however, higher levels of radioactivity were found in the renal cortex of males and in the liver of females. The renal binding of radioactive metabolites may have been altered by variations in the testosterone levels as a result of hormonal pretreatment in females or castration in males. Sex-linked differences in chloroform distribution were not observed in rats or monkeys (Brown et al. 1974a). Chloroform accumulates in the adipose tissue of rats after oral exposure of intermediate duration (Pfaffenberger et al. 1980). 

Li B-M, Mei ZT (1994) Delayed response deficit induced by local injection of the alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbine into the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in young adult monkeys. Behav Neural Biol 62 134-139... 

Catecholamines also appear to modulate this cortex (reviewed in Coull et ak, 2001). Studies in both monkeys and humans have found that clonidine, but not guanfacine, can impair alerting abilities in the Posner task, likely because of reducing NE release. Dopamine receptor blockade also impairs performance. 

Brozoski, T., Brown, R.M., Rosvold, H.E., and Goldman, P.S. (1979) Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science 205 929—931. 

Lewis, D.A., Foote, S.L., Goldstein, M., and Morrison, J.H. (1988) The dopaminergic innervation of monkey prefrontal cortex a tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical study. Brain Res 449 225-243. 

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