Corrosion inspection

The corrosion inspection and wall thickness measurement of pipes was performed in the classical way both on film and on the monitor using simple software measuring tools. Additionally algorithms were developed for an interactive, computer supported evaluation. 

Near Drum Corrosion Inspection of Boiler Tubes. 

The severity of weather in arctic regions, especially in winter months, presents difficulties. They can be in monitoring corrosion, inspection of equipment. 

No one method for corrosion inspection is sufficient in itself and it is extremely dangerous to rely on data provided by one method only. A study is required of all methods available and the most suitable then chosen —... 

What if the team was not able to obtain any physical evidence They could use the absence of any corrosion inspection records plus knowledge... 

Carbonation (Chapter 5) or ingress of chloride ions (Chapter 6) are the two principal causes of rebar corrosion. Inspection, condition assessment and prediction of the future service life of a structure require information on the carbonation depth or chloride content of concrete. The areas on a structure where these chemical analyses are performed should be based on a problem-oriented approach, e. g. on visual inspection or better on potential mapping. 

Large steel aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) are located on large tank farms of oil producers (Fig. 3.15). Maintenance teams take care of external painting and both internal and external corrosion inspections. Corrosion inspection and protection of ASTs is important for the preservation of large capital investments, the reduction of maintenance and inspection costs, and the assurance of system integrity for release... 

The available data from the services indicate that corrosion in weapons systems is the primary cost driver in life-cycle costs (46). Quantifying corrosion is difficult as neither the mechanisms nor the methodologies exist to quantify accurately. Analysis of field data reveals instances where questionable materials selection early in the acquisition process has led to enormous unanticipated increases in life-cycle costs because of corrosion (J Argento, US Army TACOM-ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, Personal Communication, 1999). In view of force reduction and a reduction in budgets, consideration must be given to the selection of advanced materials, processes, and designs that will require less manpower for corrosion inspection and maintenance. 

Cost of management (i) corrosion inspection (ii) corrosion-related maintenance (iii) repairs because of corrosion (iv) replacement of corroded parts (v) inventory of backup components (vi) rehabilitation (vii) loss of productive time. 

The probability of failure depends on two factors, namely (i) the specific form of corrosion and its rate (ii) the possible effectiveness of corrosion inspection or monitoring. 

PR Roberge, Corrosion Inspection and Monitoring, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken NJ, 2007. 

Corrosion is both costly and dangerous. Billions of dollars are spent annually for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery, and components, including metal roofing, condenser tubes, pipelines, and many other items. In addition to replacement costs are those associated with maintenance to prevent corrosion, inspections, and the upkeep of cathodically protected structures and pipelines. Indirect costs of corrosion result from shutdown, loss of efficiency, and product contamination or loss. 

P. R. Roberge, Corrosion inspection and Monitoring, Wiley Series In Corrosion, R. W. Revie, series editor, WUey, New York, 2007, pp. 373-376. 

Monitor the performance of containment systems for sour oil and gas, and inspect both equipment and system performance for signs of corrosion. Inspections are specifically recommended for changes in hft performance and pressures associated with packed off annuli, and for conditions of valves, flanges, and connections. 

One Spanish PWR, Almaraz-2, has experienced this problem, where visual inspections with baroscope as well as dimensional and corrosion inspections based on eddy current tests and bouldering have been carried out. 

Journal of Pipeline Engineering http //www.j-pipe-eng.com/ (accessed September 3, 2010). Beaconsfield, Bucks, U.K. Scientific Surveys Ltd bimonthly. Provides technical information on pipes and pipelines research with a European focus including pipeline design, corrosion, inspection, and data management. 

Even the best design cannot be expected to anticipate all conditions that may arise during the life of a system. Corrosion inspection and monitoring are used to determine the condition of a system and to determine how well corrosion control and maintenance programs are performing. Traditional corrosion inspection practices typically require planned periodic shutdowns or service interruptions to allow the inspection process. These scheduled interruptions may be costly in terms of productivity losses, restart energy, equipment availability, and material costs. However, accidental interruptions or shutdowns are potentially much more disruptive and expensive. 

A considerable catalyst to the advancement of corrosion inspection and monitoring technology has therefore been the exploitation of oil and gas resources in extreme environmental conditions. Many techniques that have been accepted in the oil and gas industries for years are only now beginning to be applied in other industries such as transportation, mining, and construction. Work in these conditions has necessitated enhanced instrument reliability and the automation of many tasks, including inspection. 

This KPl, which provides a measure of the reliability of the corrosion monitoring equipment, is determined from the asset s maintenance performance in repairing equipment faults reported during routine corrosion inspection visits. This measure reflects the recognized importance that equipment reliability is critical to the performance of corrosion inhibition systems and hence is also a key cost factor. The indicator is derived from a ratio of the number of maintenance actions raised versus the number of actions completed in a given monitoring jjeriod [Eq. (12.7)]. 

Provide easy access for corrosion inspection and maintenance work... 

Figure 6.1 Integration of corrosion inspection and monitoring programs for producing management information.

Because the data collected in laboratories are significantly different from those collected directly from the field corrosion inspection of the processing units, the pilot simulation apparatuses will bridge the gap between laboratory tests and field practices. For example, the dynamic simulation apparatuses for high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion can simulate the temperature, velocity of flow and acid number of the working media in industrial enviromnents and can run continuously. 

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