Pipeline design

The sizing of pipelines for non-Newtonian liquids may be based on scaleup of tests made under the conditions at which the proposed line is to operate, without prior determination and correlation of rheological properties. A body of theory and some correlations are available for design with four mathematical models  

In the last model, the parameters may be somewhat dependent on the shear stress and deformation rate, and should be determined at magnitudes of those quantities near those to be applied in the plant. 

The shear stress tw at the wall is independent of the model and is derived from pressure drop measurements as 

Friction Factor. In rheological literature the friction factor is defined as 

This value is one-fourth of the friction factor used in Section 6.3. For the sake of consistency with the literature, the definition of Eq. (6.50) will be used with non-Newtonian fluids in the present section. 

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Equipment positioning Ductwork and pipeline design Dimensioning... 

M. Mohitpour, H. Golshan, and A. Murray. Pipeline design construction a practical approach. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 2000. 

The yield stress for carbon steel is 35,000 psi, and the working stress is one-half of this value. What schedule number would you recommend for a pipe carrying ethylene at a pressure of 2500 psi if the pipeline design calls for a pipe... 

Mohitpour, M., Golshan, H., and Murray, A. Pipeline Design and Construction A Practical Approach, ASME Press, New York, 2000. 

Upon initiating hydrogen service in a pipeline designed and constructed or converted to hydrogen service, the operating company shall determine the Location Class in accordance with Table PL-3.6.1. 

Corrosion. Anticorrosion measures have become standard in pipeline design, construction, and maintenance in the oil and gas industries the principal measures are application of corrosion-preventive coatings and cathodic protection for exterior protection and chemical additives for interior protection. Pipe for pipelines may be bought with a variety of coatings, such as tar, fiber glass, felt and heavy paper, epoxy, polyethylene, etc, either pre-applied or coated and wrapped on the job with special machines as the pipe is lowered into the trench. An electric detector is used to determine if a coating gap (holiday) exists bare spots are coated before the pipe is laid (see Corrosion and corrosion control). 

Data covering the design, construction and operation practice of the Trans Caucasian main gas pipeline have been collected and accumulated since the beginning of the 1980-ies. The pipeline design was drafted by the Kiev Survey-Design Institute without properly considering the complex geotechnical conditions, and the possible adverse consequences. Rather... 

The inaccurate pipeline design and construction was followed by dangerous geological events that resulted in public complains. For this reason, the government was obliged to carry out additional survey and relevant improvement measures. 

Geotechnical surveys are often executed without sufficient detailed scientific research. Sometimes also the pipeline design and the condition assessment for construction are rather insufficient. 

Standards and method statements governing pipeline design and construction do not cover clearly the geotechnical work, methods and the scope by the various stages through design and construction. 

Some methodological adjustments and improvements are proposed in the survey standards that apply to pipeline design, and pipeline construction in high mountainous areas in order to ensure safe, reliable and environmentally friendly construction and operation. 

Some of the key variables involved in slurry pipeline design and operation include ... 

Figure 6 was created in this manner for a series of decade values of He. It may be used in place of the Moody chart for standard pipeline design problems. Because of the manner in which the empirical correlation for B was determined, no correction for pipe relative roughness is needed when one is dealing with commercial grade-steel line pipe. 

Equipment such as tanks (not including pipelines) designed to withstand 3.5 MPa (about 500 psig) usually will be adequate to contain a detonation, with other safeguards, for flammable gases in air at atmospheric pressure. 

N.I. Heywood, Pipeline design for non-Newtonian fluids, ht Chem. 

Steffe, J. F. and Morgan, R. G. 1986. Pipeline design and pump selection for non-Newtonian fluid foods. Food Technol. 40(12) 78-85. 

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