Corn Nuts

FIGURE 12.3 Flowchart of the manufacturing process of Corn Nuts. 

Preparation of Corn Nuts starts when kernels are alkali-cooked in excess water and washed to remove the pericarp. Once peeled, kernels are transferred into steep tanks, where they are blanched for a few hours in warm water. After draining the alkaline solution, the cooked kernels are deep-fat fried to develop the characteristic texture, flavor, and color, after which they are immediately flavored, cooled, and packaged (Rooney and Serna-Saldivar 2003, Sema-Saldivar 2008). The final product contains about 14%-15% oil and approximately 440-450 kcal/100 g (Chapter 17). 

Ornithine decarboxylase activity. Fixed oil (4.5%), Clupeidae brevortia tyrannus (4%), and Zea mays (1.5%) fixed oil (7.5%), Clupeidae brevortia tyrannus (1%), and Zea mays (1.5%) fixed oil (8.5%) and Zea mays (1.5%), administered orally to mice for 1 year, were active vs benzoyl peroxide-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity Oil, administered to 30 ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated Senear and SKH-1 mice at doses of 1/14% (A diet), 7.9/7.1% (B diet), and 15/0% (C diet) corn oil/coco-nut oil for 6 weeks, produced no increase in enzyme activity. The level of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the UV-irradiated mice fed diet A was significantly higher than in mice fed the B or C diet. In the SKH-1 mice, ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased by 3 weeks and was significantly higher in mice fed diet C than in mice fed diet A. There was no significant effect of dietary fat on UV-induced skin tumor incidence ". 

Ice cream is manufactured by rapidly freezing and simultaneously whipping an approximately equal volume of air into the formulated mix (Berger, 1976 Keeney and Kroger, 1974). Ice cream mix contains a minimum of 10% milk fat and 20% total milk solids, except when chocolate, fruit or nuts, are added. In addition to milk solids, ice cream mix normally contains 10-15% sucrose, 5-7% corn sweetener, 0.2-0.3% stabilizer gum, <0.1% emulsifier, and small amounts of natural or artificial color and flavor ingredients. 

Grains Barley, corn (maize), oats, nee, wheat Meal and Fish Beef liver, chicken, eggs, mackerel, salmon, sardines Nuts Almonds, filberts, hazelnuts, groundnuts (peanuts), pecans, walnuts Vegetables Cauliflower, chick-peas, cowpeas, lentils, soybeans... 

American Dynamites, Ordinary. A series of non-gelatinized, so-called straight dynamites or dynamites with active base, reported to contain NG 15-60, combustible materials (wood pulp,sawdust,ivory nut meal, raw corn flakes, sulfur, etc for grades below 40% NG or wood pulp alone for other grades) 20-14,... 

Even with the added ingredients to many of these products, the FDA data do suggest that wheat-based products consistently have more chemical contaminants than corn, rice, and oat-based products. As a whole, corn-based products are the least contaminated. Furthermore, products containing oils (e,g., nut products) or cooked in oils (e.g., popcorn and chips) tend to be more contaminated. These data show that the nut products are the most contaminated foods (particularly peanut butter). Once again, this is probably due to the high content of peanut oil. 

Method. The sample is spotted on to a TLC plate (silica gel) followed by 2 d of a solution of TFA (50% in chloroform, prepared fresh each day). The reaction is allowed to proceed for 5 min, after which time the plate is dried with a stream of nitrogen or air. The plate is then developed with chloroform—acetone (in various ratios such as 9 1 or 4 1), benzene-ethanol-water (43 35 19) or ethyl acetate-methanol-water (96 3 1). The plate is removed from the tank and dried in the dark. The spots are observed visually under UV light at long wavelength. The derivative of aflatoxin Bt appears blue, while the derivative of aflatoxin Gi is green. This confirmation technique has been applied to peanuts, brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, walnuts, barley, corn and other foods. 

Although simazine was the first triazine to be developed and marketed in corn as well as other crops, the more versatile atrazine quickly became the standard herbicide in corn. Simazine, however, has remained very valuable and is important on forage crops, ornamentals, turf, and several other vegetable, fruit and nut crops, including almond, apple, artichoke, avocado, berries, cherry, citrus, grape, hazelnut, peach, and walnut. There also remains a strong demand for simazine use in corn in some areas based on specific weed pressure. Simazine is manufactured and sold by several companies today in more than 25 countries around the world, with Brazil, the United States, Australia, and Japan ranked as the top four. 

Crop production practices Corn Soybean Wheat Cotton Fruit/ nuts Vegetables... 

Monounsaturated fatty acids Long-chained molecules found in nuts, avocados, olive oil, grapeseed oil, peanut oil, flaxseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil, and canola oil. 

Lima, J.R. and Goncalves, L.A.G. (1997) Tocopherol quantification in oils (corn, soy bean, Brazil nut, and cashew nut) by high performance liquid chromatography. Alimenos e Nutricao, 8, 65-73. 

When rain forests are cut down, for example, and converted to fields of rice or corn, the nutrient recycling mechanisms are destroyed, and as a result, the productivity of the field quickly declines. A much better approach would be to devise a production system whereby the nutrient recycling mechanisms are left intact. Extractive reserves for Brazil nuts and rubber are examples of management approaches that are compatible with sustainability of harvest (Brown et al. this volume). The trees are not destroyed when the nuts and the rubber are harvested, and consequently, the nutrient recycling mechanisms of the forest remain intact. A problem with extractive reserves however, is... 

Unsaturated fats, classified as either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, can help lower the cholesterol levels in blood when substituted for saturated fats. Sources of monounsaturated fat include nuts, olive oil, and canola oil. Sources of polyunsaturated fat include corn, safflower, sesame, soybean, and sunflower oils. 

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