Copper -, poly

It has been reported that it is possible to fix the preformed copper poly(pyrazolyl)borate complexes Cu(Tp ) and Cu(pzTp) on silica gel and use them under heterogeneous conditions as catalysts for the olefin cyclopropanation reaction. The catalytic activity is similar to that found in homogeneous conditions as a consequence of a ligand-to-support interaction that likely involve the hydroxyl groups of the silica gel surface and the borohydride B-H or the nitrogen atom of a pyrazolyl ring.537... 

The incorporation of pyridine or triazole improves the adhesion between poly(imide)s and copper.Poly(3,3, 4,4 -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride-3,5-diamino-l,2,4-triazole) (BTDA-DATA) contains the triazole moiety as repeating units. Poly(4,4 -oxydiphthalic anhydride-1,3-aminophenoxybenzene-8-azaadenine) (ODPA-APB-8-AA) bears the triazole moieties at the end." BTDA-DATA starts to decompose at 350°C. However, ODPA-APB-8-AA starts to decompose at 400°C. The polymers have been tested as adhesives for copper surfaces. The adhesion is increased by the formation of copper complexes. 

Li Z, Huang H, Wang C (2006) Electrostatic forces induce poly(vinyl alcohol)-protected copper nanoparticles to form copper/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocables via electrospirming. Macromol Rapid Commun 27 152-155... 

Huang and co-workers (54) prepared copper/poly(itaconic acid-co-acrylic acid) nanocomposites via in situ chemical reduction of the Cu -polymer complex by hydrazine hydrate aqueous solution. 

Recently, the original possibility to coordinate biotinylated compounds on copper-poly (pyrrole-NTA) films was reported [17]. This approach combines the advantages of the affinity systems biotin/(strept)avidin and NTA/Cu " /histidine, eliminating the disadvantages of each system, and thus constitutes a real advance in the field of non-covalent... 

Transition metal poly-ynes for Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Rh, Fe, Ru and Os have been synthesized and their unique physical properties, caused by their rod-like structures discovered. The first report on the physical properties of copper poly(metal-yne)s was made by Okamoto et al. They reported photoconductivity in 1973 [89] and... 

The second method is based on the use of polyimides with lower glass transition temperatures that can be melt-processed. For example, intrinsically photosensitive preimidized polymers formed by reacting 3,3 4,4 -benzopheno-netetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) with methyl-substituted 4,4 -methylenebisbenzeneamine (MDA), blended to epoxy resins, give high strength laminate with copper. Poly(isoimides), which exhibit good melt-flow properties before thermal isomerization to imides, are also used to make flexible circuits. In the last process copper is electroless plated on polyimide film such as Kapton 200H. 

Steiner U B, Cased W R, Suter U W, Rehahn M and Rau I U 1994 Self-assembled layers of substituted poly(p-phenylene)s on gold and copper Langmuir 10 1164-70... 

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has re placed leather in many of its appli cations PVC tubes and pipes are often used in place of copper... 

The Fe, Co, and Ni deposits are extremely fine grained at high current density and pH. Electroless nickel, cobalt, and nickel—cobalt alloy plating from fluoroborate-containing baths yields a deposit of superior corrosion resistance, low stress, and excellent hardenabiUty (114). Lead is plated alone or ia combination with tin, iadium, and antimony (115). Sound iasulators are made as lead—plastic laminates by electrolyticaHy coating Pb from a fluoroborate bath to 0.5 mm on a copper-coated nylon or polypropylene film (116) (see Insulation, acoustic). Steel plates can be simultaneously electrocoated with lead and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (117). Solder is plated ia solutioas containing Pb(Bp4)2 and Sn(Bp4)2 thus the lustrous solder-plated object is coated with a Pb—Sn alloy (118). 

Decafluorobiphenyl [434-90-2] C F C F (mol wt, 334.1 mp, 68°C bp, 206°C), can be prepared by I Jllmann coupling of bromo- [344-04-7] chloro- [344-07-0] or iodopentafluorobenzene [827-15-6] with copper. This product shows good thermal stabiHty decafluorobiphenyl was recovered unchanged after 1 h below 575°C (270). Decafluorobiphenyl-based derivatives exhibit greater oxidative stabiHty than similar hydrocarbon compounds (271). Therm ally stable poly(fluorinated aryl ether) oligomers prepared from decafluorobiphenyl and bisphenols show low dielectric constant and moisture absorption which are attractive for electronic appHcations (272). 

Trilialophenols can be converted to poly(dihaloph.enylene oxide)s by a reaction that resembles radical-initiated displacement polymerization. In one procedure, either a copper or silver complex of the phenol is heated to produce a branched product (50). In another procedure, a catalytic quantity of an oxidizing agent and the dry sodium salt in dimethyl sulfoxide produces linear poly(2,6-dichloro-l,4-polyphenylene oxide) (51). The polymer can also be prepared by direct oxidation with a copper—amine catalyst, although branching in the ortho positions is indicated by chlorine analyses (52). 

Low molecular weight poly(l,3-phenylene oxide) [25190-64-1] has been prepared from the sodium salt of y -chlorophenol with copper as a catalyst... 

The oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol to yield poly(phenylene oxide) represents 90—95% of the consumption of 2,6-dimethylphenol (68). The oxidation with air is catalyzed by a copper—amine complex. The poly(phenylene oxide) derived from 2,6-dimethylphenol is blended with other polymers, primarily high impact polystyrene, and the resulting alloy is widely used in housings for business machines, electronic equipment and in the manufacture of automobiles (see Polyethers, aromatic). A minor use of 2,6-dimethylphenol involves its oxidative coupling to... 

Shipment ndStora.ge. The crystalline material is shipped as a nonha2ardous material, in polyethylene-lined fiber dmms. The solution can be shipped in dmms or bulk. Suitable materials of constmction for handling ammonium thiocyanate are aluminum, 316 stainless steel, mbber, poly(vinyl chloride), and glass-reinforced epoxy. Steel, 304 stainless steel, and copper alloys should be avoided (375,376). 

Other Reactions. Poly(vinyl alcohol) forms complexes with copper in neutral or slighdy basic solutions (165). Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide forms an intermolecular complex with PVA (166,167), causing gelation of the aqueous solution. 

Salts of neodecanoic acid have been used in the preparation of supported catalysts, such as silver neodecanoate for the preparation of ethylene oxide catalysts (119), and the nickel soap in the preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst (120). Metal neodecanoates, such as magnesium, lead, calcium, and zinc, are used to improve the adherence of plasticized poly(vinyl butyral) sheet to safety glass in car windshields (121). Platinum complexes using neodecanoic acid have been studied for antitumor activity (122). Neodecanoic acid and its esters are used in cosmetics as emoUients, emulsifiers, and solubilizers (77,123,124). Zinc or copper salts of neoacids are used as preservatives for wood (125). 

Corrosion. Aqueous solutions of citric acid are mildly corrosive toward carbon steels. At elevated temperatures, 304 stainless steel is corroded by citric acid, but 316 stainless steel is resistant to corrosion. Many aluminum, copper, and nickel alloys are mildly corroded by citric acid. In general, glass and plastics such as fiber glass reinforced polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and cross-linked poly(vinyl chloride) are not corroded by citric acid. 

Poly(phenylene ether). The only commercially available thermoplastic poly(phenylene oxide) PPO is the polyether poly(2,6-dimethylphenol-l,4-phenylene ether) [24938-67-8]. PPO is prepared by the oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol with a copper amine catalyst (25). Usually PPO is blended with other polymers such as polystyrene (see PoLYETPiERS, Aromatic). However, thermoplastic composites containing randomly oriented glass fibers are available. 

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