Copper amine complexes

Crystal stmctures of complexes of copper(II) with aromatic amine ligands and -amino acids " " and dipeptides" have been published. The stmctures of mixed ligand-copper complexes of L-tryptophan in combination with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2 -bipyridine and L-tyrosine in combination with 2,2 -bipyridine are shown in Figure 3.2. Note the subtle difference between the orientation of the indole ring in the two 1,10-phenanthroline complexes. The distance between the two... 

Hydantoin itself can be detected ia small concentrations ia the presence of other NH-containing compounds by paper chromatography followed by detection with a mercury acetate—diphenylcarba2one spray reagent. A variety of analytical reactions has been developed for 5,5-disubstituted hydantoias, due to their medicinal iaterest. These reactions are best exemplified by reference to the assays used for 5,5-diphenylhydantoiQ (73—78), most of which are based on their cycHc ureide stmcture. Identity tests iaclude the foUowiag (/) the Zwikker reaction, consisting of the formation of a colored complex on treatment with cobalt(II) salts ia the presence of an amine (2) formation of colored copper complexes and (3) precipitation on addition of silver(I) species, due to formation of iasoluble salts at N. ... 

Calixarenes, when in their cone-conformation (54), represent versatile host systems for metalated container molecules and many examples have been reported in the literature (55-61). Reinaud and coworkers have carried out extensive work concerned with calix[6]arenes that are functionalized at the small rim by nitrogen arms (62), aiming to reproduce the hydro-phobic binding site of mononuclear zinc and copper metalloen-zymes. A recent example is the calix[6]arene ligand L1 (Fig. 3), in which a tris(2-methylpyridyl)amine unit covalently caps the calixarene small rim (63). The ligand forms copper complexes of... 

Aminated Polystyrene-Copper Complexes as Oxidation Catalysts The Effect of the Degree of Substitution on Catalytic Activity... 

Two other refining processes are also frequently employed. One involves hydrometallurgical refining in which sulfide concentrates are leached with ammonia solution to convert the copper, nickel, and cobalt sulfides into their complex amines. Copper is precipitated from this solution upon heating. Under such conditions, the sulfide-amine mixture of nickel and cobalt are oxidized to their sulfates. The sulfates then are reduced to metalhc nickel and cobalt by heating with hydrogen at elevated temperatures under pressure. The metals are obtained in their powder form. 

The whole procedure, including the filtration, is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. To a solution of 3.26 g (24.0 mmol) of ( + )-(5 )-l-phenyl-2-propanamine (amphetamine) in 20 mL of methanol is added a solution of 807 mg (6.0 mmol) of copper(II) chloride in 10 mL of methanol at 25 "C with stirring. After 30 min, 432 mg (3.0 mmol) of 2-naphthalenol in 10 mL of methanol are added and the total volume brought up to 60 mL with methanol. After 20 h, the brown precipitate (a binaphthalenol-copper(II) amine complex) is destroyed with 40 mL of 4 N hydrochloric acid. After all of the precipitate is dissolved, 100 mL of water are added and the product crystallizes from the solution. It is isolated by filtration, and dried in vacuo yield 421 mg (98%) 96% ee (T-isomer). 

The reaction of imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde with 2-aminoethylpyridine in the presence of copper(II) chloride has enabled the preparation of a binuclear complex (equation 2).29 A more common class of binuclear complex is based on template reactions of a phenolic dialdehyde with various amines and includes the copper complexes (14)30 31 and (15).32 Reactions of this type can be extended to the synthesis of macrocyclic binuclear complexes such as (16).33,34... 

A number of copper-containing proteins show spectral features like those of normal copper complexes, and therefore do not appear to contain blue copper centres. Amongst these are galactase oxidase and the amine oxidases. It is noteworthy that it appears unlikely that the copper is involved in the activation of dioxygen. 

Earlier attempts to effect an asymmetric coupling to mimic biological coupling reactions by using chiral copper(n)-amine complexes gave only low enantiomeric excesses.5 The use of (S)-( + )-amphetamine sulphate... 

Although transesterification and transamidation reactions of simple carbonyl ligands are usually associated with the involvement of a co-ordinated nucleophile, there are some well-documented processes which unambiguously involve attack by an external nucleophile upon a co-ordinated electrophile. Dithiocarbamate complexes contain a chelated. S, 5"-bonded dithioamide ligand and undergo facile transamination reactions upon treatment of the copper complexes with amines (Fig. 3-22). 

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